Morganxu5432

Humans are unusually sexually dimorphic in body composition, with adult females having on average nearly twice the fat mass as males. The development of adipose sex differences has been well characterized for children growing up in food-abundant environments, with less known about cross-cultural variation, particularly in populations without exposure to market foods, mechanized technologies, schooling, vaccination, or other medical interventions.

To add to the existing cross-cultural data, we fit multiple growth curves to body composition and anthropometric data to describe adipose development for the Savanna Pumé, South American hunter-gatherers.

(1) Little evidence is found for an adiposity 'rebound' at the end of early childhood among either Savanna Pumé girls or boys. (2) Rather, fat deposition fluctuates during childhood, from age ~4 to ~9 years, with no appreciable accumulation until the onset of puberty, a pattern also observed among Congo Baka hunter-gatherers. (3) Body fat fluctuations are more pronounced for girls than boys. (4) The age of peak skeletal, weight, and adipose gains are staggered to a much greater extent among the Savanna Pumé compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) reference, suggesting this is an important developmental strategy in lean populations.

Documenting growth patterns under diverse preindustrial energetic conditions provides an important baseline for understanding sex differences in body fat emerging today under food abundance.

Documenting growth patterns under diverse preindustrial energetic conditions provides an important baseline for understanding sex differences in body fat emerging today under food abundance.Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor widely used in cancer therapy with an antitumour effect related to biological processes as proliferation, migration or invasion, among others. Initially designed as a Raf inhibitor, Sorafenib was later shown to also block key molecules in tumour progression such as VEGFR and PDGFR. In addition, sorafenib has been connected with key signalling pathways in cancer such as EGFR/EGF. However, no definitive clue about the molecular mechanism linking sorafenib and EGF signalling pathway has been established so far. Our data in HeLa, U2OS, A549 and HEK293T cells, based on in silico, chemical and genetic approaches demonstrate that the MEK5/ERK5 signalling pathway is a novel target of sorafenib. In addition, our data show how sorafenib is able to block MEK5-dependent phosphorylation of ERK5 in the Ser218/Tyr220, affecting the transcriptional activation associated with ERK5. Moreover, we demonstrate that some of the effects of this kinase inhibitor onto EGF biological responses, such as progression through cell cycle or migration, are mediated through the effect exerted onto ERK5 signalling pathway. Therefore, our observations describe a novel target of sorafenib, the ERK5 signalling pathway, and establish new mechanistic insights for the antitumour effect of this multikinase inhibitor.Primary cilia, microtubule-based hair-like structures protruding from most cells, contain membranes enriched in signaling molecules and function as sensory and regulatory organelles critical for development and tissue homeostasis. Intraflagellar transport (IFT), cilia-specific bidirectional transport, is required for the assembly, maintenance, and function of cilia. BBSome, the coat complex, acts as the adaptor between the IFT complex and membrane proteins and is therefore essential for establishing the specific compartmentalization of signaling molecules in the cilia. Recent findings have revealed that three ciliary Rab-like small GTPases, IFT27, IFT22, and Rabl2, play critical regulatory roles in ciliary BBSome transport. In this review, we provide an overview of these three Rab-like small GTPases and their relationship with BBSome.Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials have aroused widespread research interest owing to their promising application in spintronic devices. However, exploring new kinds of 2D magnetic materials with better stability and realizing their batch synthesis remain challenging. Herein, we report the synthesis of air-stable 2D Cr5 Te8 ultrathin crystals with tunable thickness via tube-in-tube chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth technology. We highlight the importance of tube-in-tube CVD growth, which can significantly suppress the equilibrium shift to the decomposition direction and facilitate that to the synthesis reaction direction, for the synthesis of high-quality Cr5 Te8 with accurate composition. By precisely adjusting the growth temperature, the thickness of Cr5 Te8 nanosheets was tuned from ∼1.2 nm to tens of nanometers, with the morphology changing from triangle to hexagon. Furthermore, magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements reveal that the Cr5 Te8 nanosheet is ferromagnetic with strong out-of-plane spin polarization. The Curie temperature exhibits a monotonic increase from 100 to 160 K as the Cr5 Te8 thickness increases from 10 to 30 nm and no apparent variation in surface roughness or magnetic properties after months of exposure to air. This study provides a robust method for the controllable synthesis of high-quality 2D ferromagnetic materials, which will facilitate research progress in spintronics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.I was pleased to read the response of Zorzato et al.1 to my article dealing with the ethical and religious duty to vaccinate children.2 Following their remarks, I would like to clarify and emphasize several points. In that article, I presented the approach of Jewish ethics, but that is not necessarily the prevailing attitude in all the Jewish communities around the world.

On-treatment kV images have been used in tracking patient motion. One challenge of markerless motion tracking in paraspinal SBRT is the reduced contrast when the X-ray beam needs to pass through a large portion of the patient's body, for example, from the lateral direction. Besides, due to the spine's overlapping with the surrounding moving organs in the X-ray images, auto-registration could lead to potential errors. This work aims to automatically extract the spine component from the conventional 2D X-ray images, to achieve more robust and more accurate motion management.

A ResNet generative adversarial network (ResNetGAN) consisting of one generator and one discriminator was developed to learn the mapping between 2D kV image and the reference spine digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR). A tailored multi-channel multi-domain loss function was used to improve the quality of the decomposed spine image. The trained model took a 2D kV image as input and learned to generate the spine component of the X-ray

We developed a deep learning-based approach to remove soft tissues in the kV image, leading to more accurate spine tracking in paraspinal SBRT.

We developed a deep learning-based approach to remove soft tissues in the kV image, leading to more accurate spine tracking in paraspinal SBRT.In native microenvironment, diverse physical barriers exist to dynamically modulate stem cell recruitment and differentiation for tissue repair. In this study, we utilize nanoassembly-based magnetic screens of various sizes and elastically tethered them over RGD ligand (cell-adhesive motif)-presenting material surface to generate various nano-gaps between the screens and the RGDs without modulating the RGD density. Large screens exhibiting low RGD distribution stimulate integrin clustering to facilitate focal adhesion, mechanotransduction, and differentiation of stem cells, which were not observed with small screens. Magnetic downward pulling of the large screens decreases nano-gaps, which dynamically suppress the focal adhesion, mechanotransduction, and differentiation of stem cells. click here Conversely, magnetic upward pulling of the small screens increases the nano-gaps, which dynamically activate focal adhesion, mechanotransduction, and differentiation of stem cells. This regulation mechanism was also shown to be effective in the microenvironment in vivo. Further diversifying geometries of the physical screens could further enable diverse modalities of multifaceted and safe unscreening of the distributed RGDs to unravel and modulate stem cell differentiation for tissue repair. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Both nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and Internet addiction (IA) are important health issues for adolescents, and social support has been extensively examined as a protective factor for both. This study aims to compare the effect of offline and online social support on IA, and that on NSSI as well.

A total of 1911 Chinese adolescents (53.27% females, M

 = 16.83 ± 0.37) completed self-report questionnaires assessing offline social support, online social support, IA, and NSSI.

The structural equation modeling analysis showed that offline social support was negatively associated with IA and NSSI, while online social support was positively associated with IA and NSSI; IA was positively associated with NSSI. Furthermore, implications for preventions and interventions of IA and NSSI were discussed. The indirect model explained a relatively small variance of NSSI, indicating the possibility of additional factors in the development of NSSI that should be further investigated.

This study indicated the differences between offline and online social support, and their different associations with IA and NSSI.

This study indicated the differences between offline and online social support, and their different associations with IA and NSSI.Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum and can cause a wide variety of cutaneous manifestations, most commonly, a papulosquamous eruption of the trunk and extremities. Treatment with penicillin is curative. We report a case of a 69-year-old man who presented with recent onset of blurry vision and a non-painful, non-pruritic eruption of pink-to-violaceous dermal nodules on his upper trunk and upper extremities. Biopsies of two separate locations revealed a dense superficial and deep perivascular atypical lymphocytic infiltrate with admixed plasma cells, histiocytes, and eosinophils. Some scattered cells expressed CD30, PD1, BCL-6 and ICOS. TCR-rearrangement showed an identical TCR-gamma clone between both biopsy specimens. The patient was subsequently seen by ophthalmology and diagnosed with acute anterior uveitis. RPR was reactive and CSF studies showed findings consistent with a diagnosis of neurosyphilis. A Treponema pallidum immunostain of the skin biopsies was performed upon re-review, and was diffusely positive for spirochetes at the dermal-epidermal junction and within injured vessels. The patient was treated with penicillin G with near resolution of his skin lesions. This case highlights the unusual ability of syphilis to mimic a T-cell lymphoma with matching clones across two different biopsy sites. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The present study was aimed to systemically assess the absorption risks of amentoflavone (AMF). Physicochemical properties of AMF were evaluated using in vitro assays including water solubility and stability in both simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, as well as logD, pka and permeability studies in a monolayer Caco-2 model. The results together suggested that AMF was a compound with moderate intestinal absorption and the poor solubility was the key rate-limiting step for the oral absorption of AMF, and PVP-K30 were thus used as a solubilizer to improve its solubility and oral bioavailability. Furthermore, studies on pharmacokinetics and biliary excretion of AMF with tween 80 or PVP-K30 were performed after oral administration, and the results showed that the percentage of AMF conjugates in bile was determined up to be 96.73% and no AMF conjugates were detected in rat plasma. The above results revealed that the poor oral absorption of AMF may probably be attributed to the low solubility, high level of metabolism and hepatic first-pass effects.