Moranromero7012
To identify key indicators that will allow empirical measurement of a health system's responsiveness to older people.
We conducted a series of consultations with experts to develop a relevant list of indicators. Concept mapping was used to devise the list, including the steps of preparation, brainstorming and structuring. Additionally, four countries were used as national case studies to test the feasibility of measuring health system responsiveness with readily available national-level data (Barbados, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico).
Our study resulted in a list of 25 indicators scored with high usefulness for informing public policy, 10 of which were also categorized as being of high availability. National case studies were useful to assess the feasibility of measuring health system responsiveness in different settings.
Responsiveness can be comprehensively assessed by (i) approaching the intrinsic features of the system via its inputs, outputs, and outcomes, and (ii) measuring the impact of the system on meeting the needs of older people in terms of their health, financial protection, and expectations. Further consensus is needed to develop a list of core indicators that could be used as a baseline for measuring a health system's responsiveness to the needs of older people.
Responsiveness can be comprehensively assessed by (i) approaching the intrinsic features of the system via its inputs, outputs, and outcomes, and (ii) measuring the impact of the system on meeting the needs of older people in terms of their health, financial protection, and expectations. Further consensus is needed to develop a list of core indicators that could be used as a baseline for measuring a health system's responsiveness to the needs of older people.
Analyze cohabitation patterns in the population over 60 years of age living in private households in 23 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Cross-sectional study based on the most recently available census microdata from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS, International), corresponding mainly to the 2010 census. Average number of household members, age distribution, and family relationships were calculated and compared for each country and by sex. The average number of household members was compared, by country and by sex, in relation to level of schooling and marital status.
The average number of people that older people live with differs between countries, ranging from two or less in countries such as Argentina, Puerto Rico, and Uruguay, to four or more in countries such as Honduras and Nicaragua. This difference depends on a greater or lesser presence of young adults, children, and other family members in the household. The number of household members declines with a higher level of schooling, except in Cuba and Puerto Rico, where no differences are observed. In general, older women live in households with fewer people than men, although this is not the case for unmarried or divorced people.
In the Region, it is common for older persons to live with children and other family members. The differences between countries and by educational level show that the family plays an important role in social protection of the elderly in less developed countries and in the least educated groups.
In the Region, it is common for older persons to live with children and other family members. The differences between countries and by educational level show that the family plays an important role in social protection of the elderly in less developed countries and in the least educated groups.
To describe the life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, disease burden, and leading causes of mortality and disability in adults aged 65 years and older in the Region of the Americas from 1990 to 2019.
We used estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to examine the level and trends of life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
Across the Region, life expectancy at 65 years increased from 17.1 years (95% uncertainty intervals (UI) 17.0-17.1) in 1990 to 19.2 years (95% UI 18.9-19.4) in 2019 while healthy life expectancy increased from 12.2 years (95% UI 10.9-12.4) to 13.6 years (95% UI 12.2-14.9). All-cause DALY rates decreased in each older persons' age group; however, absolute proportional DALYs increased from 22% to 32%. selleck chemical Ischemic heart disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the leading causes of premature mortality. Diabetes mellitus, age-related and other hearing loss, aisease burden in older adults in the Americas. Society-wide and life-course approaches, and adequate health services are needed to respond to the health needs of older people in the Region.
To determine the impact of household out-of-pocket health spending, financial protection levels, and their inequality according to relevant variables in the countries of the Region; to investigate their evolution and relationship with health system services utilization.
Comparative descriptive information was compiled on out-of-pocket spending, its incidence in the population, and its weight and contribution to household consumption. Financial protection indicators for the national level and their distribution by quintiles of total household consumption and by gender are presented, and compared to an indicator of service coverage.
Out-of-pocket spending and financial protection indicators are deficient but demonstrate differences among countries. The composition of health expenditure is identified for a subset of countries and significant gradients are seen when inequalities are studied. Changes over time and possible associations with service coverage levels are shown for several cases.
Lack of finanal protection are identified. To replace out-of-pocket spending, which is a barrier to access, countries need to increase public spending by financing health systems undergoing transformation toward universal health.[This corrects the article DOI 10.3389/fgene.2021.664379.].Despite experimental data linking HIF-1α dysfunction to inflammatory airway conditions, the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms within the HIF1A gene on these conditions remains poorly understood. In the current study, we complete a phenotype wide association study to assess the link between SNPs with known disease associations and respiratory phenotypes. We report two SNPs of the HIF1A gene, the intronic rs79865957 and the missense rs41508050. In these positions the A and the T allele are significantly associated with allergic rhinitis and acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis, respectively. These findings further support the role of HIF-1α in inflammatory pulmonary conditions and may serve as a basis to refine our understanding of other HIF-1α associated phenotypes.SRO (SIMILAR TO RCD ONE) is a family of plant-specific small molecule proteins that play an important role in plant growth and development and environmental responses. However, SROs still lack systematic characterization in tomato. Based on bioinformatics methods, SRO family genes were identified and characterized from cultivated tomatoes and several wild tomatoes. qRT-PCR was used to study the expression of SRO gene in cultivated tomatoes. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses showed that SRO genes in angiosperms share a common ancestor and that the number of SRO family members changed as plants diverged and evolved. Cultivated tomato had six SRO members, five of which still shared some degree of identity with the ancestral SRO genes. Genetic structure and physicochemical properties showed that tomato SRO genes were highly conserved with chromosomal distribution. They could be divided into three groups based on exon-intron structure, and cultivated tomato contained only two of these subclades. A number of hormonal, light and abiotic stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements were identified from the promoter of the tomato SRO gene, and they also interacted with a variety of stress-responsive proteins and microRNAs. RNA-seq analysis showed that SRO genes were widely expressed in different tissues and developmental stages of tomato, with significant tissue-specific features. Expression analysis also showed that SRO genes respond significantly to high temperature and salt stress and mediate the tomato hormone regulatory network. These results provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of the functional expression of tomato SRO genes and provide potential genetic resources for tomato resistance breeding.Background Circular RNAs (circRNA) play an essential role in the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CircDTL is a novel identified circRNA with little information regarding its biological role. However, the role of circDTL in NSCLC has not been investigated yet. Method In this study, the levels of circDTL in tissues and cells were measured by RT-PCR. Cell viability was measured by the CCK-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using the wound healing assay and transwell assay, respectively. Cell death was measured by the cell death ELISA kit. The levels of Fe2+, ROS, MDA and GSH were measured using the commercial kits. The interactions between miR-1287-5p and circDTL/3'UTR GPX4 were verified by dual-luciferase activity assay. The effects of circDTL on tumor growth were evaluated in vivo. Results CircDTL was found to be upregulated and acted as an oncogene in NSCLC cells. Knockdown of circDTL promoted both apoptosis and ferroptosis of NSCLC cells. It was identified that circDTL exerts its oncogenic effects via the circDTL/miR-1287-5p/GPX4 axis and GPX4 inhibits both ferroptosis and apoptosis. Finally, this study showed that silencing of circDTL promoted the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to chemotherapeutic agents and inhibited the growth of tumors in vivo. Conclusion CircDTL acts as an oncogene and exerts its effects via the miR-1287-5p/GPX4 axis in NSCLC, providing a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC cancer therapy.Testis-expressed gene 11 (TEX11) mutation has been associated with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and meiotic arrest. link2 An analogous mutation of TEX11 in the mouse impairs meiosis and can be rescued by in vitro expansion of SSCs and gene therapy. However, a lack of genetic screening of a large cohort of Asian patients (including pedigree analysis) and proper functional evaluation limit the clinical application of TEX11 mutation screening. Thus, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 479 patients with NOA and identified three novel mutations (two splicing mutations and one missense mutation) in TEX11 in three pairs of siblings from three families and four novel pathogenic mutations (three frameshift mutations and a non-sense mutation) of TEX11 in four sporadic NOA-affected cases. Novel variants among family members were segregated by disease phenotype, and all the seven mutations were predicted to be pathogenic. link3 Histological analysis showed that three patients with TEX11 mutations underwent meiotic arrest. The four mutations that resulted in protein truncations and defective meiosis-specific sporulation domain SPO22 were validated by Western blot. In total, we find seven of 479 patients of NOA (1.5%) carrying TEX11 mutations. Our study expands the knowledge of mutations of TEX11 gene in Asian patients with NOA. The high prevalence and X-linked inherited mode indicated that TEX11 might be included in genetic screening panels for the clinical evaluation of patients with NOA.
