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in Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0), University of Bristol, Bristol, 2016) in our review. A total of 21 studies met inclusion criteria. Results indicated that a positive parent-child relationship was most strongly associated with better outcomes; however, little additional consistency in findings was evident. Future PMT research should routinely examine predictors and moderators that are both conceptually and empirically associated with treatment outcomes. This would further our understanding of factors that are associated with poorer treatment outcome and inform the development of treatment components or modes of delivery that might likely enhance evidence-based treatments and our clinical science. Protocol Registration Number PROSPERO CRD42017058996.Social isolation (SI) increases ischemic injury and significantly delays recovery after experimental stroke. Capmatinib in vivo Changes in circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in several neurological disorders, including stroke. However, potential biomarkers to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie the detrimental effects of post-stroke isolation are unknown. Aged C57BL/6 male and female mice (18-20 months) were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion and were assigned to either isolation (SI) or continued pair housing (PH) immediately after stroke. On day 15, mice were sacrificed, and plasma samples were collected for miRNAome analysis. Top candidate miRNAs and their biological functions were identified using integrated bioinformatics. The miRNAome analysis revealed a total of 21 differentially expressed miRNAs across both sexes with fold change of 3 or higher. Within the female cohort, miR-206-3p, -376a-3p, -34b-5p, -133a-5p, -466f, and -671-3p were highly altered relative to the PH housing condition. Similarly in males, miR-376c-3p, -181d-5p, -712-5p, -186-5p, -21a-3p, -30d-3p, -495-3p, -669c-5p, -335-5p, -429-3p, -31-3p, and -217-5p were identified. Following Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, the identified miRNAs effected distinct subset of pathways within sexes. Interactional network analysis revealed miR-495-3p (male) and miR-34b-5p (female) as pivotal nodes that targeted the largest subset of genes. We identified several sex-specific miRNAs as candidate biomarkers for post-stroke SI in aged male and female mice. Additionally, these results suggest that there is potential to use plasma-based circulating miRNAs as a source of novel biomarkers to identify biological pathways involved in post-stroke SI.

To describe three new species of Cosmetocleithrum in the gills of Trachelyopterus galeatus (Siluriformes, Auchenipteridae) from Aguapeí River, Upper Paraná River basin, São Paulo State, Brazil.

Fifty-three specimens of T. galeatus were captured in the mouth of the Aguapeí River from August 2013 to June 2014. Monogeneans were mounted unstained in Hoyer's and Gray and Wess's medium.

Cosmetocleithrum spathulatum sp. n., Cosmetocleithrum baculum sp. n., and Cosmetocleithrum galeatum sp. n. differ from all known congeneric species mainly in the morphology of the accessory piece (i.e. spatulate-shaped, claviform, and a straight rod with hook-shaped distal portion, respectively). Also, the three new species share hooks with different sizes with hooks pairs 5 and 7 bigger than others and with an erect delicate point, inconspicuous thumb, longer shaft, and slender shank.

To date, 18 species of Cosmetocleithrum were recognised parasitizing siluriforms in the Neotropical region. The present study expands the number to 21 species, however, despite this increase, the number of known taxa of monogeneans in neotropics is far from representing the ideal situation.

To date, 18 species of Cosmetocleithrum were recognised parasitizing siluriforms in the Neotropical region. The present study expands the number to 21 species, however, despite this increase, the number of known taxa of monogeneans in neotropics is far from representing the ideal situation.North Korean Defectors (NKDs) are known to experience multiple psychological symptoms such depression and anxiety. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been implicated in various psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. No studies have prospectively evaluated HRV parameters in NKDs. We recruited 34 NKDs (2 men, 32 women; age range 25-58 years) who were diagnosed with major depressive disorder. We evaluated psychiatric symptoms using the Korean version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and PTSD checklist civilian version. We also performed HRV measurements before and after 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment. In the baseline, HDRS item 14 and 15 showed statistically significant positive correlation with LF/HF ratio. At the endpoint, HDRS item 5 and 8 were found to have positive correlations with some HRV parameters. We found that the sum of fatigue-related HDRS symptoms scores (number 7 and 13) showed significant positive correlation with LF. HDRS total scores also showed significant positive correlations with LF and HF. When the severity of depression was decreased and only the PTSD symptoms persisted at the endpoint, the relationships between HRV and clinical measures were more clearly revealed. This study shows the possibility of using HRV as an objective neurobiological index of autonomic nervous system disorder and reaction to stress in NKDs.The Refeeding Syndrome (RFS) is a potentially serious, but still overlooked condition, occurring in individuals who are rapidly fed after a period of severe undernourishment. RFS derives from an abnormal electrolyte and fluid shifts leading to many organ dysfunctions. Symptoms generally appear within 2-5 days of re-feeding and may be absent/mild or severe and life threating, depending on the pre-existing degree of malnutrition and comorbidities. The lack of a standard definition and the nonspecificity of the symptoms make both incidence estimate and diagnosis difficult. In 2020, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) proposed a unifying definition for the RFS and its severity classification. The awareness of the condition is crucial for identifying patients at risk, preventing its occurrence, and improving the management. The objectives of this narrative review were to summarize the current knowledge and recommendations about the RFS and to provide useful tips to help physicians to recognize and prevent the syndrome.