Moonmalmberg2001

© 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Ophthalmic nutrition education programs and good dietary patterns are of considerable significance to ocular health outcomes. BACKGROUND The study aimed at assessing the level of ophthalmic nutrition knowledge and to compare the dietary patterns between different ophthalmic patients. METHODS Four hundred and ninety-two adults (mean age 54.7 ± 19.4 years) receiving care at three eye-care facilities in Ghana were surveyed 171 had senile cataract, 162 had open-angle glaucoma, and 159 had healthy eyes. A modified food frequency questionnaire was administered to elicit ophthalmic nutrition knowledge and dietary intake information of participants over the last 30 days. The results were compared between the three groups. RESULTS More than half of the participants (n = 267; 54.3 per cent) had received some form of education on food sources that are good for the eyes and vision, with healthy participants accounting for 50.6 per cent of this proportion. Television (55.1 per cent; 147/267), radio (49.1 per cent; 131/267) and the eye doctor (34.1 per cent; 91/267) were the most frequent sources of ophthalmic nutritional knowledge. Overall, less than one-quarter of the participants (n = 108; 22.2 per cent) were able to correctly identify one food source for at least four out of seven selected ophthalmic nutrients. Vitamin C was the most frequently consumed ophthalmic nutrient, whereas lycopene was the least taken across all groups. The average ophthalmic nutrients intake score for those with healthy eyes (59.16 [53.39-64.93]) was significantly greater than for both glaucoma patients (37.73 [32.01-43.44]) and cataract patients (34.81 [29.24-40.37]). CONCLUSION In addition to poor ophthalmic nutrition awareness and knowledge, both cataract and glaucoma patients, compared to those with healthy eyes, consumed a lesser amount of nutrients considered vital for eye health and vision. Ophthalmic nutrition education is needed to improve eye-health outcomes. © 2020 Optometry Australia.Active targeted nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have gained significant favor because they have the ability to decrease side effects, improve drug bioavailability and the potency of anticancer treatment. In this study, functional amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles (JNP), consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic biocompatible polymers as two distinct sides, have been prepared via a robust and simple synthesis method. The surface-active hydrophilic side of this Janus platform is functionalized with an aptamer against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) to deliver Doxorubicin (DOX) for the treatment of metastasis colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29 cells. The Janus morphology of the nanoparticles and their cell penetration behavior are shown in microscopic evaluations. By evaluating the prepared DOX-loaded aptamer modified JNPs by cell-toxicity assay and confocal microscopy, it was determined that the utilization of an internalization strategy to enhance cell uptake would increase the anticancer effect of the Janus nanocarrier and improve the capacity to deliver the chemotherapeutical drug site-specifically. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The regulation of Rubisco, the gatekeeper of carbon fixation into the biosphere, by its molecular chaperone Rubisco activase (Rca) is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth. Using energy from ATP hydrolysis, Rca promotes the release of inhibitors and restores catalytic competence to Rubisco-active sites. Rca is sensitive to moderate heat stress, however, and becomes progressively inhibited as the temperature increases above the optimum for photosynthesis. Here, we identify a single amino acid substitution (M159I) that fundamentally alters the thermal and regulatory properties of Rca in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Using site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that the M159I substitution extends the temperature optimum of the most abundant Rca isoform by 5°C in vitro, while maintaining the efficiency of Rubisco activation by Rca. The results suggest that this single amino acid substitution acts as a thermal and regulatory switch in wheat Rca that can be exploited to improve the climate resilience and efficiency of carbon assimilation of this cereal crop as temperatures become warmer and more volatile. © 2020 The Authors. The Plant Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Helicobacter pylori is known as an important determinant of preneoplastic lesions or gastric cancer (GC) risk. The bacterial genotypes may determine the clinical outcomes. However, the evidence for these associations has varied between and within continents, and the actual effect of each gene and corresponding allelic variants are still debatable. In recent years, two new models have been proposed to predict the risk of GC; the phylogeographic origin of H. pylori strains and a disrupted co-evolution between H. selleck inhibitor pylori and its human host, which potentially explain the geographic differences in the risk of H. pylori-related cancer. However, these models and earlier ones based on putative virulence factors of the bacterium may not fully justify differences in the incidence of GC, reflecting that new theories should be developed and examined. Notably, the new findings also support the role of ancestry-specific germline alteration in contributing to the ethnic/population differences in cancer risk. Moreover the higeir impact, should be recognized and controlled. © 2020 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), referred to as cardiorenal disease, have in clinical trials recently been shown to be preventable in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We examined the manifestation of cardiovascular- and renal disease (CVRD) in T2D patients initially free from CVRD and, second, the associated mortality risks with these diseases. METHODS CVRD-free patients were identified in health care records from England, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden at a fixed date. CVRD manifestation was defined by first diagnose of cardiorenal disease, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) or peripheral artery disease (PAD) event. Mortality risk associated with single CVRD history of HF, CKD, MI, stroke or PAD was compared with the CVRD-free group. RESULTS Of 1 177 896 T2D patients; 772 336 (66%) were CVRD-free and followed for mean 4.5 years. 137 081 (18%) developed a first CVRD manifestation, represented by CKD (36%), HF (24%), stroke (16%), MI (14%) and PAD (10%). HF or CKD was associated with increased cardiovascular- and all-cause mortality risk, HR 2.