Mooneystrong7309

These findings allow us to predict diaspore dispersal behaviors using readily available diaspore functional attributes, and they indicate that wing loading is the best proxy for estimating the capacity for secondary dispersal by wind. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are a crucial component of federal and state governments' response to the opioid epidemic. Evidence about the effectiveness of PDMPs in reducing prescription opioid-related adverse outcomes is mixed. We conducted a systematic review to examine whether PDMP implementation within the U.S. is associated with changes in four prescription opioid-related outcome domains opioid prescribing behaviors, opioid diversion and supply, opioid-related morbidity and substance use disorders, and opioid-related mortality. We searched for eligible publications in Embase, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. A total of 29 studies, published between 2009 and 2019, met the inclusion criteria. Of the 16 studies examining PDMPs and prescribing behaviors, 11 found that implementing PDMPs reduced prescribing behaviors. All three studies on opioid diversion and supply reported reductions in the examined outcomes. In the opioid-related morbidity and substance use disorders domain, sePopulus euphratica is a dominant tree species in desert riparian forests and it possesses extraordinary adaptation to salinity stress. Exploring its genomic variation and molecular underpinnings of salinity tolerance is important for elucidating population evolution and identifying stress-related genes. Here, we identified approximately 3.15 million single nucleotide polymorphisms using whole-genome resequencing. The natural populations of P. euphratica in Northwest China were divided into four distinct clades that exhibited strong geographical distribution patterns. Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and tectonic deformation jointly shaped its extant genetic patterns. Seed germination rate-based salinity tolerance index was measured to evaluate seed salinity tolerance of P. euphratica and implemented genome-wide association study. A total of 38 SNPs were associated with the seed salinity tolerance and were located within or near 82 genes. Expression profiles showed that most of these genes were regulated under salt stress, revealing the genetic complexity of seed salinity tolerance. Furthermore, DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 57 and one undescribed gene (CCG029559) were demonstrated to improve the seed salinity tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. These results provide new insights into the demographic history and genetic architecture of seed salinity tolerance in the desert poplar. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Variants in interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycans (IMPG2) have been reported in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD) patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive due to a lack of suitable disease models. We developed two independent Impg2 knockout (KO) mouse models using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to assess the in vivo functions of Impg2 in the retina. Impg2 ablation in mice recapitulated the RP phenotypes of patients, including an attenuated electroretinogram (ERG) response and the progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. The histopathological examination of Impg2-KO mice revealed irregularly arranged rod cells and mislocalized rhodopsin protein in the inner segment at 6 months of age. Puromycin aminonucleoside clinical trial In addition to the pathological changes in rod cells, cone cells were also affected in KO retinas. KO retinas exhibited progressive cone-cell death and impaired cone-cell elongation. Further immunoblotting analysis revealed increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins, including C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BIP) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), in Impg2-KO mouse retinas. Increased gliosis and apoptotic cell death were also observed in the KO retinas. As autophagy is closely associated with ER stress, we then checked whether autophagy was disturbed in Impg2-KO mouse retinas. The results showed that autophagy was impaired in KO retinas, as revealed by the increased accumulation of SQSTM1 and other proteins involved in autophagy. Our results demonstrate the essential roles of Impg2 in the retina, and this study provides novel models for mechanistic investigations and development of therapies for RP caused by IMPG2 mutations. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.CONTEXT Primary Ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1% of women under 40 years and leads most often to definitive infertility with adverse health outcomes. Very recently, genes involved in DNA repair have been shown to cause POI. OBJECTIVE To identify the cause of a familial POI in a consanguineous Turkish family. DESIGN Exome sequencing was performed in the proposita and her mother. Chromosomal breaks were studied in lymphoblastoid cell lines treated with Mitomycin (MMC). SETTING AND PATIENTS The proposita presented intra-uterine and post-natal growth retardation, multiple pilomatricomas in childhood and primary amenorrhea. She was treated with growth hormone (GH) from 14 to 18 years. RESULTS We identified a novel nonsense mutation in exon 9 of the minichromosome maintenance complex component 8 gene (MCM8) NM_001281522.1 c.925C>T/p.R309* yielding either a truncated protein or Non-sense Mediated mRNA Decay. CONCLUSION We describe a novel phenotype of syndromic POI related to a novel truncating MCM8 mutation. We show for the first time that spontaneous tumors (pilomatricomas) are associated with MCM8 genetic defect making the screening of this gene necessary before starting GH therapy in POI with short stature, especially in a familial or consanguineous context. Appropriate familial monitoring in the long term is necessary and fertility preservation should be considered in heterozygous siblings to avoid rapid follicular atresia. © Endocrine Society 2020. 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