Montoyamoesgaard2844

In contrast to E. coli, cyanobacteria have multiple GroELs, the bacterial homolog of chaperonin/Hsp60. We have shown that cyanobacterial GroELs are mutually distinct and different from E. coli GroEL with which the paradigm for chaperonin structure/function has been established. However, little is known about regulation of cyanobacterial GroELs. This study investigated effect of pH (varied from 7.0 to 8.5) on chaperone activity of GroEL1 and GroEL2 from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 and E.coli GroEL. GroEL1 and GroEL2 showed pH dependency in suppression of aggregation of heat-denatured malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. They exhibited higher anti-aggregation activity at more alkaline pHs. E. coli GroEL showed a similar pH-dependence in suppressing aggregation of heat-denatured lactate dehydrogenase. No pH dependence was observed in all the GroELs when urea-denatured lactate dehydrogenase was used for anti-aggregation assay, suggesting that the pH-dependence is related to some denatured structures. There was no significant influence of pH on the chaperone activity of all the GroELs to promote refolding of heat-denatured malate dehydrogenase. It is known that pH in cyanobacterial cytoplasm increases by one pH unit following a shift from darkness to light, suggesting that the pH-change modulates chaperone activity of cyanobacterial GroEL1 and GroEL2.About 10% of aphid species show host alternation. These aphids migrate between primary and secondary host plant species in spring and autumn. Host alternation has not been observed in subfamily Lachninae, although it has been suggested on the basis of circumstantial evidence that Stomaphis japonica (Takahashi) may alternate its host between Quercus serrata (Murray) and Quercus acutissima (Carruth). However, a molecular phylogenetic study has indicated that the Stomaphis individuals feeding on these two plant species belong to two different lineages and aphids feeding on Q. acutissima and Pinus densiflora (Sieb. & Zucc.) belong to the same lineage. Here, we examined host alternation in Stomaphis species by comparing molecular phylogenetic identities, morphological features, and life cycles. The molecular analysis and morphological examination showed that aphids feeding on Q. acutissima were the same as those feeding on P. densiflora, whereas aphids feeding on Q. serrata were different from those feeding on Q. acutissima or on P. densiflora. Furthermore, winged aphids were observed on both Q. acutissima and P. densiflora in autumn, but we did not observe winged aphids on Q. serrata. These results indicate that Stomaphis (Walker) individuals feeding on Q. serrata and Q. acutissima belong to two species, one that feeds year-round on Q. serrata, and another, heteroecious species that feeds on P. densiflora as a primary host and on Q. acutissima as a secondary host. This study documents host alternation in subfamily Lachninae for the first time and discusses the acquisition of host alternation by Stomaphis from evolutionary and ecological perspectives.

IMPAACT P1078, a randomized non-inferiority study designed to compare safety of starting isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in women with HIV during pregnancy or after delivery, showed that IPT during pregnancy increased the risk of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes, but not individual outcomes. Many known factors are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, their association and effect modification with IPT and pregnancy outcomes were examined.

HIV-infected pregnant women from 8 countries with TB incidence >60/100,000, were randomly assigned to initiate 28 weeks of IPT either during pregnancy or at 12 weeks after delivery. Using univariable and multivariable logistic regression adjusting for factors associated with pregnancy outcomes, composite and individual adverse pregnancy outcome measures were analyzed.

This secondary analysis included 925 mother-infant pairs. All mothers were receiving antiretrovirals. The adjusted odds of fetal demise, preterm delivery (PTD), low birth weight (LBW) or congenital anomaly (composite outcome 1) were 1.63 times higher among women on immediate compared to deferred IPT (95% CI=1.15, 2.31). The odds of fetal demise, PTD, LBW or neonatal death within 28 days (composite outcome 2) were 1.62 times higher among women on immediate IPT (95% CI=1.14, 2.30). The odds of early neonatal death within 7 days, fetal demise, PTD, or LBW (composite outcome 3) were 1.74 times higher among women on immediate IPT (95% CI=1.22, 2.49).

We confirmed higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with initiation of IPT during pregnancy after adjusting for known risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

We confirmed higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with initiation of IPT during pregnancy after adjusting for known risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, has been spreading globally. We aimed to develop a clinical model to predict the outcome of patients with severe COVID-19 infection early.

Demographic, clinical and first laboratory findings after admission of 183 patients with severe COVID-19 infection (115 survivors and 68 non-survivors from the Sino-French New City Branch of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan) were used to develop the predictive models. Machine learning approaches were used to select the features and predict the patients' outcomes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was applied to compare the models' performance. A total of 64 with severe COVID-19 infection from the Optical Valley Branch of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, were used to externally validate the final predictive model.

The baseline characteristics and laboratory tests were significantly different between the survivors and non-survivors. selleck inhibitor (age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, lymphocyte count and d-dimer level) were selected by all five models. Given the similar performance among the models, the logistic regression model was selected as the final predictive model because of its simplicity and interpretability. The AUROCs of the external validation sets were 0.881. #link# The sensitivity and specificity were 0.839 and 0.794 for the validation set, when using a probability of death of 50% as the cutoff. Risk score based on the selected variables can be used to assess the mortality risk. The predictive model is available at [https//phenomics.fudan.edu.cn/risk_scores/].

Age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, lymphocyte count and d-dimer level of COVID-19 patients at admission are informative for the patients' outcomes.

Age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, lymphocyte count and d-dimer level of COVID-19 patients at admission are informative for the patients' outcomes.