Montoyalam5057

Microplastic pollution is ubiquitous and has emerged as a severe global environmental issue. Recent research on microplastic pollution has mainly focused on aquatic ecosystems, while knowledge gaps still exist regarding microplastic in terrestrial environments. In this study, we established a new method for characterizing microplastic in complex soil substrate using FTIR spectroscopy. Microplastic was separated by density without removing soil organic matter to protect microplastic from damage. The Wizards feature was adopted to automatic, direct and continuous characterize micron-size plastic. Furthermore, 33 soil samples were taken from Guiyu, a notorious e-waste dismantling area in Guangdong Province, China, under different land-use. HCV Protease inhibitor The results showed that microplastic was involved in 30 samples, and the abundance of microplastic varied considerably among different soils, ranged from 0 to 34,100n kg-1, implying that the e-waste dismantling sites have become the microplastic hotspots. There were 60 kinds of microplastic detected with 6 different shapes and 10 colors, most of which were secondary microplastic. They mainly consisted of engineering-plastic and modified plastic, 88.61% had a size range less then 1 mm, indicating that the majority of microplastics at Guiyu were derived from e-wastes. The surface morphology of microplastic showed signs of aging and degradation, possibly due to primitive dismantling methods and long-term exposure to the soil. The mean Pb, Cd, Cr, Ba, Cu, Co, As concentrations of microplastic were 20.94, 0.67, 11.82, 308.78, 4.11, 1.26, 3.06 μg·g-1, respectively. Our findings providescientific basis for monitoring and controlling microplastic pollution in terrestrial environments.The present research focused on evaluating the role of waste fishbone hydroxyapatite (FB-HAP) in stabilizing heavy metals, particularly Pb and Zn, in incineration fly ash (IFA). Bones were collected from various fish species and processed for batch experiments. A commercial apatite product (Apatite II™) was also obtained for a comparative analysis. The experiments were performed at fishbone/fly ash ratios of 0.0 (control group) and 110 (by weight), settling times of 6, 12, 24, and 672 h (28 days), and W/S ratios of 1.0 and 1.5 mL/g. The highest Pb removal efficiency reached 86.39% at 28 days settling periods, when the FB-HAP dose was only 10% at W/S 1.5 mL/g. FB-HAP was found noticeably more effective (approximately 1.5 to 2 times) than Apatite II™, particularly at shorter settling periods. Stabilization of Zn was efficient at longer settling period (28 days) using FB-HAP. The highest stabilization rate of Zn was 62.67% at W/S 1.0 mL/g. The results indicated that settling time and W/S ratio were the most important factors to enhance the stabilization of Pb and Zn in IFA. Utilization of waste fishbone is expected to be a low-cost and eco-friendly technology.With the economy growing rapidly, as well as the increasing diversification of human material and cultural needs, waste management poses a pressing challenge for local authorities in China. The primary aim of the present study is to examine the determinants of household waste-related behaviors, especially focusing on the roles of two important social interaction-based factors, social norms and networks, and their combinations. Specifically, this paper adopted the method of principal component analysis to capture social interactions and leveraged ordered logit models to explore their influences on the behaviors involving waste sorting, bringing their own shopping bags and reusing plastic bags in other aspects. Using the data from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2013 (CGSS2013), the results reveal that both social norms and social networks exert a significant positive influence on pure altruistic waste sorting while only social norms are positively associated with bringing their own shopping bags to store and reusing bags in other aspects with the nature of impure altruism. Meanwhile, there is no convincing evidence for the interaction effect between social norms and social networks on waste sorting, yet the interaction item does work together negatively influencing bringing their own bags and reusing bags behaviors. Moreover, the results show that social norms have a much larger effect on waste-related behaviors in males than females while social networks lead to significant promotion in waste sorting only for females. For people with higher education levels, the impacts of social norms and social networks on waste sorting and bringing their own bags behaviors are insignificant, while the higher income groups are weakly affected by social networks as well, partly because of time constraints and opportunity cost. Lastly, this paper provides new insight into waste management from the perspective of social interaction.

Despite digital health providing opportunities to enhance the quality, efficiency and safety of primary healthcare, the adoption of digital tools and technologies has been slow, partly because of poor digital health literacy. For primary healthcare systems to take full advantage of these technologies, a capable, digitally literate workforce is necessary. Still, the essential digital health competencies (DHCs) for primary healthcare have not been explored. This review aims to examine the broad literature on DHCs as it applies to Primary Care (PC) settings.

We performed a scoping review on all types of research linking DHCs to PC. We searched all major databases including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library in November 2019. Concurrently, a thorough grey literature search was performed through OpenGrey, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and key government and relevant professional associations' websites. Screening and selection of studies was performed in pairs, and data was analysed and presented usial knowledge gaps and needs to be considered. Such a DHC set may be used for curricula development and for ensuring that the essential DHC for PC are met at a clinical or organizational level, and eventually improve health outcomes.

Literature explicitly linking DHCs to PC was mostly published over a decade ago. There is a need for an updated and current set of DHCs for PC professionals to more consistently reap the benefits of digital technologies. This review identified key DHC domains and statements that may be used to guide on the development of a set of DHC for PC, and critical knowledge gaps and needs to be considered. Such a DHC set may be used for curricula development and for ensuring that the essential DHC for PC are met at a clinical or organizational level, and eventually improve health outcomes.