Montgomerydominguez1662

Suicide is a critical public health issue worldwide. The objective was to report the findings from the Global Burden of Disease study on the burden of suicide in Latin America from 1990 to 2019 and to assess its association with the sociodemographic index (SDI).

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study.

Following the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study, suicide mortality, premature mortality, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years in Latin America are reported.

The number of deaths from suicides increased significantly in most countries, but the age-standardized suicide mortality rate had a heterogeneous behavior. Suicide burden was higher for males in all age groups, and in most countries, the male-to-female ratio increased between 1990 and 2019. Almost all suicide burden is attributable to premature mortality. The highest suicide burden was present in young males and females. All countries had an increase in the SDI, and in most countries, there was a statistically significant correlation between this indicator and the suicide disability-adjusted life-years rates.

To best promote suicide prevention, it is important to understand sex and age-specific suicide burden patterns. According to these results, prevention programs intended to prevent suicide should be implemented with a special focus on high-risk groups such as young adults and the elderly.

To best promote suicide prevention, it is important to understand sex and age-specific suicide burden patterns. According to these results, prevention programs intended to prevent suicide should be implemented with a special focus on high-risk groups such as young adults and the elderly.

We aimed to review the literature regarding the use of machine learning to predict chronic diseases.

This was a systematic review.

The searches included five databases. We included studies that evaluated the prediction of chronic diseases using machine learning models and reported the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values. The Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis scale was used to assess the quality of studies.

In total, 42 studies were selected. The best reported area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value was 1, whereas the worst was 0.74. K-nearest neighbors, Naive Bayes, deep neural networks, and random forest were the machine learning models most frequently used for achieving the best performance.

We found that machine learning can predict the occurrence of individual chronic diseases, progression, and their determinants and in many contexts. The findings are original and relevant to improve clinical decisions and the organization of health care facilities.

We found that machine learning can predict the occurrence of individual chronic diseases, progression, and their determinants and in many contexts. The findings are original and relevant to improve clinical decisions and the organization of health care facilities.Clostridioides difficile is the predominant pathogen responsible for antimicrobial associated diarrhea (AAD) and health care facility-associated infectious diarrhea. The role of C. difficile in China and its impact on public health have gained attention in recent years. Most clinical C. difficile isolates in China belong to multilocus sequence type clade 1 with sequence types (STs) 3, 35 and 54 predominating. Of note, the proportion of C. difficile isolates from clade 4, especially ST37 (PCR ribotype 17), is much higher in China than in other areas. In China, the antimicrobial-resistance profile of C. difficile is similar to that of other countries, demonstrating a higher resistance rate to erythromycin, clindamycin, and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin). In general, susceptibility to vancomycin and metronidazole of clinical C. difficile in China is high, however, some resistance to metronidazole have recently been reported. Preclinical research on C. difficile in animals in China is limited, and different studies have reported varied isolation rates and antimicrobial resistance profiles. The diverse molecular types of C. difficile in China merit further epidemiological, genomic and evolutionary investigation. While the use of probiotics in preventing C. difficile infection (CDI) have received both support and opposition, the discovery of new probiotics and new formulations are showing promising results in combating the threat posed by CDI.Breast abscess in men is a very uncommon condition. Unlike females, breast abscesses in men are commonly caused by aerobic organisms and very rarely by anaerobes. We are hereby reporting a case of retro-areolar abscess in a male patient caused by anaerobic organisms. The culture of the drained abscess yielded the growth of Finegoldia magna, a strict anaerobic Gram-positive cocci, and Bifidobacterium scardovii, a slow growing non spore-forming anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli. Timely surgical intervention and initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy showed an improvement of this condition.

To investigate the overall efficacy and survival profile of yttrium-90 (

Y) radioembolization for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was completed using a random-effects model. Studies describing the use of

Y for unresectable ICC were included. The disease control rate (DCR), downstaged-to-resectable rate, cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) response rate, pooled median overall survival (OS), pooled median progression-free survival (PFS), and mean reported survival rates ranging from 3 to 36 months were evaluated.

Twenty-one studies detailing a total of 921 patients were included. The overall DCR was 82.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.7%-87.8%; I

= 81%). In 11% of the cases, patients were downstaged to being surgically resectable (95% CI, 6.1%-15.9%; I

= 78%). The CA19-9 response rate was 67.2% (95% CI, 54.5%-79.8%; I

= 60%). From the time of radioembolization, PFS was 7.8 months (95% CI, 4.2-11.3 months; I

= 94%) and median OS was 12.7 months (95% CI, 10.6-14.8 months; I

= 62%). Lastly, the mean overall reported survival proportions were 84% at 3 months (standard deviation [SD], 10%), 69% at 6 months (SD, 16%), 47% at 12 months (SD, 19%), 31% at 18 months (SD, 21%), 30% at 24 months (SD, 19%), 21% at 30 months (SD, 27%), and 5% at 36 months (SD, 7%).

Radioembolization with

Y for unresectable ICC results in substantial downstaging, disease control, and survival.

Radioembolization with 90Y for unresectable ICC results in substantial downstaging, disease control, and survival.Knowledge on the effects of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) on ovarian function is limited. In the current study, we investigated the sensitivity of oocytes to PFHxS during in vitro maturation (IVM), including consequences on embryo development at the morphological, transcriptomic, and epigenomic levels. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were exposed to PFHxS during 22 h IVM. Following fertilisation, developmental competence was recorded until day 8 of culture. Two experiments were conducted 1) exposure of COCs to 0.01 µg mL-1 - 100 µg mL-1 PFHxS followed by confocal imaging to detect neutral lipids and nuclei, and 2) exposure of COCs to 0.1 µg mL-1 PFHxS followed by analysis of transcriptomic and DNA methylation changes in blastocysts. Decreased oocyte developmental competence was observed upon exposure to ≥ 40 µg mL-1 PFHxS and altered lipid distribution was observed in the blastocysts upon exposure to 1-10 µg mL-1 PFHxS (not observed at lower or higher concentrations). Transcriptomic data showed that genes affected by 0.1 µg mL-1 PFHxS were enriched for pathways related to increased synthesis and production of reactive oxygen species. Enrichment for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and oestrogen pathways was also observed. Genes linked to DNA methylation changes were enriched for similar pathways. In conclusion, exposure of the bovine oocyte to PFHxS during the narrow window of IVM affected subsequent embryonic development, as reflected by morphological and molecular changes. This suggests that PFHxS interferes with the final nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of the oocyte leading to decreased developmental competence to blastocyst stage.The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is developing approaches for cumulative risk assessment by assigning chemicals (pesticides) to cumulative assessment groups (CAGs) based on common toxic effects on the target system. This document a reviews and refines the approach for reproduction and developmental toxicity published in 2016, to identify relevant substances for grouping with guidance for discriminating between direct effects on the reproductive system or on development of the offspring and those effects which are secondary to other toxicities. The refined approach is then considered in relation to the Classification, Labelling & Packaging (CLP) criteria based on which pesticides are classified for adverse effects on sexual function and fertility, for adverse effects on development of the offspring or for adverse effects on or via lactation. The proposed grouping of effects and accompanying guidance are intended to facilitate knowledge-based interpretation of data from test guideline reproduction and developmental toxicity studies for the purpose of cumulative risk assessment.Grass carp reovirus genotype Ⅱ (GCRV II) causes severe hemorrhagic disease in grass carp and affects the aquaculture industry in China. GCRV Ⅱ isolates have been collected from different epidemic areas in China, and these isolates can lead to different degrees of hemorrhagic symptoms in grass carp. Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) is widely used as a model fish to study the mechanism of hemorrhagic disease because of its high sensitivity to GCRV. In this study, the protein levels in the spleen of rare minnow after infection with GCRV virulent isolate JZ809 and attenuated isolate XT422 were investigated using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics. 109 and 50 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the virulent and attenuated infection groups were obtained, respectively, among which 40 DEPs were identified in both groups. Combining protein expression profiling with gene ontology (GO) annotation, the responses of rare minnow to the two genotypes GCRV Ⅱ in t all DEPs in the XT422 infection group were clustered into cluster 4, and 25 of 39 proteins that were only significantly downregulated in the JZ809 infection group belonged to cluster 3. The results indicated that the DEPs in the attenuated XT422 infection group might be sensitive and their abundance changed more quickly when fish experienced virus infection.Apoptosis genes Egr2, Fas and FasL are related to immune responses. However, the mechanism of these genes inducing apoptosis in fish are still not very clear. An acute hypoxia treatment (1.73 ± 0.06 mg/L) for 24 h was carried out on Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The increasingly dense apoptotic signals at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h by TUNEL in skeletal muscle indicated that hypoxia could quickly affect muscle growth and development. Furthermore, we concluded that the Egr2-FasL-Fas signal pathway, which was located at the upstream of apoptotic executor protein caspases, was related to the apoptosis by quantitative real-time PCR, protein concentration detection in ELISA and double gene in situ hybridization methods. The mechanism of the pathway was researched in transcription regulation and epigenetic modification by dual-luciferase reporter assay and bisulfite modified method, respectively. Egr2, as a transcription factor, could up-regulate the expression of FasL gene. And its binding site was mainly between -479 to -1 of FasL gene promoter.