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Patients with severe group 3 PH should be considered for referral to expert centres or entry into clinical trials.

Conclusions Echocardiography and right heart catheterization are the principal tools for the diagnosis of PH in chronic lung diseases. Unfortunately, current medications for treating PAH have not shown benefit in controlled trials of group 3 PH, hence their routine use is not recommended. Patients with severe group 3 PH should be considered for referral to expert centres or entry into clinical trials.

Introduction Neurogenic dysphagia is a frequent disorder affecting people with neurological diseases. Many experts work together to diagnose and treat dysphagia. The aim The article focuses on the specificity of neurogenic dysphagia, its symptoms and treatment possibilities. The speech pathologist can be included in the diagnostic process and can evaluate the intake of liquids and foods based on a variety of consistency tests. In clinical conditions, screening tests such as water swallowing test, multiple consistency tests GUSS (Gugging Swallowing Screen), V-VST (Volume-Viscosity Swallow Test) and EAT-10 questionnaire can be used successfully. If you have limited ability to perform instrumental tests, they can help you to expand your diagnosis.

Review and DiscussionTreatment of swallowing disorders is based on a daily modification of the patient's posture and consistency of the eaten meals. Nursing staff are involved in this adaptation activity, which plays an invaluable role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients in neurological and rehabilitation departments.

Conclusions Despite the knowledge of the problem, difficulty swallowing is still unnoticed. NMDAR antagonist The effects of this neglect are felt both for patients and from the perspective of management within treatment units For people suffering from neurological diseases, swallowing disorders should be diagnosed on a compulsory basis and their assessment should be a permanent part of the standard procedures for assessing patients with neurological deficits.

Conclusions Despite the knowledge of the problem, difficulty swallowing is still unnoticed. The effects of this neglect are felt both for patients and from the perspective of management within treatment units For people suffering from neurological diseases, swallowing disorders should be diagnosed on a compulsory basis and their assessment should be a permanent part of the standard procedures for assessing patients with neurological deficits.

Introduction Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an extremely rare, life-threatening disease, caused by uncontrolled activation of lymphocytes T and macrophages. This situation leads to cytokine storm, infiltration and internal organs failure. HLH can be categorised into either primary (familiar) or secondary which may be associated with infections, immunodeficiency syndromes, autoimmune diseases and malignancy. The secondary HLH is difficult to diagnose due to nonspecific symptoms and complicated differential diagnostics. The aim To conduct a comparative analysis of pregnant and puerperal patients diagnosed with HLH.

Material and methods Review of available literature on haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis during pregnancy and the puerperium.

Results Review of the latest literature shows that HLH can occur at any time during pregnancy and in the puerperium. Symptoms of the disease are non-specific fever not responding to antibiotic therapy, sometimes hectic, hepatosplenomegaly, swelling, lymphsis and the inclusion of specialist treatment are particularly important. An interdisciplinary approach to the patient is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis. The assessment of serum ferritin concentrations facilitates diagnosis. The bone marrow is essential to diagnosis and should be performed as early as possible.

According to statistic reports the number of disabled people in the world is still increasing. Nowadays it's estimated that one for six citizens in European Union is disabled. New laws are established to improve the social attitude towards the sick and the disabled. The perception of people with disabilities is widely dominated by their limitations that often take priority. Completely different social attitudes concern artists. They are admired. The aim of the paper is to discuss the extent to which the disabled people can contribute to the culture and to reflect on the importance of art for the rehabilitation process as well as for the social integration of artists with disabilities.

The conclusion that it implies is, that the art for ages well serves the integration and rehabilitation cause.

The conclusion that it implies is, that the art for ages well serves the integration and rehabilitation cause.The intestinal microflora plays an important role in the proper functioning of human. It is complex, diverse and dynamic ecosystem that constantly strives to maintain homeostasis throughout the body. The process of acquiring intestinal microflora begins immediately after human birth. Elementary factors that determine the modification of the composition of the microflora are age, sex, diet, lifestyle. Determinate individual composition of the microflora. Microorganisms inhabiting the intestine perform various functions, from metabolic, immune to trophic. Early changes in the intestinal microflora are reflected in the state of human health. Recently, many studies have been carried out confirming the hypothesis that the bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract affects the normal metabolism of bone tissue, and disorders in its composition can lead to the appearance of bumps in the processes of physiological remodeling of bone tissue and contribute to the formation of many inflammations. Microorganisms that rot in the digestive tract regulate bone metabolism through three mechanisms the impact on the immune system, the hormonal system and the impact on the absorption of minerals. Disorders in the microflora of the digestive tract can lead to the development of inflammatory bowel diseases, and as a consequence to the accelerated development of osteoporosis or arthrosis of the joints. The aim To collect available publications confirming the impact of microflora on the skeletal system.

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