Mohrwashington8551

O consumo de tabaco diminui de forma significativa com o aumento da renda (medida de acordo com o número de serviços e utilidades domésticas) apenas entre as mulheres. Ter o ensino médio completo é um fator de proteção na faixa etária entre 15 e 34 anos (OR 0,47; P less then 0,01), mas não entre as pessoas acima de 35 anos. Conclusões Existe uma associação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas estudadas na GATS de 2015 e o consumo presente de tabaco na Costa Rica. Intervenções realizadas ao nível da família e da comunidade poderiam contribuir para a cessação do tabagismo.Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) have great potential as cardiac biomarkers and they are also being explored for their roles in intercellular communication and gene expression regulation. The analysis of circulating miRNAs in response to exercise would provide a deeper understanding of the molecular response to physical activity and valuable information for clinical practice. Here, eight male college students were recruited to participate in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and 1 h acute exercise training (AET). Blood samples were collected and serum miRNAs involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and enriched in muscle and/or cardiac tissues were analyzed before and after cardiopulmonary exercise and acute exercise. The miRNAs we detected were miR-1, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-126, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-146, miR155, miR-208a, miR-208b, miR-210, miR-221, miR-222, miR-328, miR-378, miR-499, and miR-940. We found that serum miR-20a was decreased significantly after CPET and serum miR-21 was increased after AET. click here In addition, no robust correlation was identified between the changes of these miRNAs and makers of cardiac function and exercise capacity, which indicates a distinct adaptation of these miRNAs to exercise. Future studies are highly needed to define the potential use of these circulating miRNAs as useful biomarkers of exercise training, and disclose the biological function of circulating miRNAs as physiological mediators of exercise-induced cardiovascular adaptation. Copyright © 2020 Zhou, Shi, Lv, Zhao, Jiao and Wang.Alternative splicing (AS) is an important post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism for cells to generate transcript variability and proteome diversity. No systematic investigation of AS events among different tissues in response to stressors is available for tilapia currently. In this study, AS among different tissues was identified and the cold stress-related AS events were explored in a Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) line based on 42 RNA-seq datasets using a bioinformatics pipeline. 14,796 (82.76%; SD = 2,840) of the expression genes showed AS events. The two most abundant AS types were alternative transcription start site (TSS) and terminal site (TTS) in tilapia. Testis, brain and kidney possess the most abundant AS gene number, while the blood, muscle and liver possess the least number in each tissue. Furthermore, 208 differentially alternative splicing (DAS) genes in heart and 483 DAS in brain in response to cold stress. The number of AS types for alternative exon end, exon skipping and retention of single intron increased significantly under cold stress. GO enrichment and pathway overrepresentation analysis indicated that many DAS genes, e.g., genes in circadian clock pathway, may influence expression of downstream genes under cold stress. Our study revealed that AS exists extensively in tilapia and plays an important role in cold adaption. Copyright © 2020 Li, Zhu, Qin, Meng, Lin and Xia.Highly nutritious rice production will be benefited with the improvement of amino acid content (AAC) and protein content (PC). The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the PC and AAC of rice grains could provide a basis for improving the nutritional value of rice grains. Here, we conducted QTL analyses using recombinant inbred lines from the cross between indica (Milyang 23 or M23) and japonica (Tong 88-7 or T887) rice varieties, afterward employing genotyping-by-sequencing to obtain a high-density genetic map. A total of 17 and 3 QTLs were detected for AAC and PC, respectively. Among them, two QTLs associated with more than 10 AACs, qAAC6.1 and qAAC7.1, were identified for the first time in this study. Each favorable allele that increased the AAC of the two QTLs was derived from M23 and T887, respectively. Allelic combination of qAAC6.1 M23 and qAAC7.1T887 showed significantly higher content of associated amino acids (AAs) than other allelic combinations. Near-isogenic line (NIL) possessing qAAC7.1T887 with M23 genetic background had significantly higher AACs than both parents. These results indicate that the pyramiding of QTLs would be useful in developing brown rice with a high AA and protein content. Copyright © 2020 Jang, Han, Lee, Shin, Kang, Kim and Chin.Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States and China, there is an urgent need to discover novel non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of GC to improve the prognosis of GC patients. Exosomal miRNAs are considered promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), bioinformatics and further validation, we identified and evaluated exosomal miRNAs in serum as early diagnostic markers for GC. NGS revealed that the average mappable reads in the RNA libraries were about 6.5 million per patient including miRNAs (73.38%), rRNAs (17.10%), snRNAs (8.83%), snoRNAs (0.65%), and tRNAs (0.04%). A total of 66 up and 13 down-regulated exosomal miRNAs were found in the screened cohort. In the validation cohort, by comparing with healthy individuals, higher levels of serum exosomal miR-92b-3p, let-7g-5p, miR-146b-5p, and miR-9-5p were found to be significantly associated with early-stage GC (p less then 0.05). Diagnostic power of the combined panels of the exosomal miRNAs or the combination of exosomal miRNAs and CEA outperformed that of single exosomal miRNA marker for establishing a diagnosis of early-stage GC. The combined diagnosis of exosomal miR-92b-3p + let-7g-5p + miR-146b-5p + miR-9-5p with CEA had the most powerful efficiency with an AUC up to 0.786. In addition, serum levels of exosomal miR-92b-3p were significantly associated with poor cohesiveness (p = 0.0021), let-7g-5p and miR-146b-5p were significantly correlated with nerve infiltration (p = 0.0234 and p = 0.0126, respectively), and miR146b-5p was statistically correlated with tumor invasion depth in early-stage GC (p = 0.0089). In conclusion, serum exosomal miR-92b-3p, -146b-5p, -9-5p, and let-7g-5p may serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of GC. Copyright © 2020 Tang, Cheng, Yao, Lou, Wang, Huang and Zhang.