Mohrhughes8153
Our analyses reveal comparable results to previous studies in other languages, indicating high construct validity. We found that naming latency varied as a function of entropy of responses, word frequency and motor content of pictures and words. In summary, we provide first German normative data for action pictures and their associated verbs and identify variables influencing naming latency.When we draw, we are depicting a rich mental representation reflecting a memory, percept, schema, imagination, or feeling. In spite of the abundance of data created by drawings, drawings are rarely used as an output measure in the field of psychology, due to concerns about their large variance and their difficulty of quantification. However, recent work leveraging pen-tracking, computer vision, and online crowd-sourcing has revealed new ways to capture and objectively quantify drawings, to answer a wide range of questions across fields of psychology. Here, I present a tutorial on modern methods for drawing experiments, ranging from how to quantify pen-and-paper type studies, up to how to administer a fully closed-loop online experiment. I go through the concrete steps of designing a drawing experiment, recording drawings, and objectively quantifying them through online crowd-sourcing and computer vision methods. Included with this tutorial are code examples at different levels of complexity and tutorials designed to teach basic lessons about web architecture and be useful regardless of skill level. I also discuss key methodological points of consideration, and provide a series of potential jumping points for drawing studies across fields in psychology. I hope this tutorial will arm more researchers with the skills to capture these naturalistic snapshots of a mental image.SARS-CoV-2 survivors may report persistent symptoms that resemble myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). We explored (a) ME/CFS-like symptom prevalence and (b) whether axonal, inflammatory, and/or lung changes may contribute to ME/CFS-like symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 survivors through clinical, neuropsychiatric, neuropsychological, lung function assessment, and serum neurofilament light chain, an axonal damage biomarker. ME/CFS-like features were found in 27% of our sample. ME/CFS-like group showed worse sleep quality, fatigue, pain, depressive symptoms, subjective cognitive complaints, Borg baseline dyspnea of the 6-min walking test vs. those without ME/CFS-like symptoms. These preliminary findings raise concern on a possible future ME/CFS-like pandemic in SARS-CoV-2 survivors.Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a peripheral nervous system disease caused by an immune-mediated inflammatory mechanism, usually triggered by a previous infectious process or vaccine; its typical presentation is a rapid and progressive bilateral limb hyposthenia, associated with sensory deficits and reduction or absence of osteotendinous reflexes. However, also autonomic nervous system can be involved with heart rate fluctuations, blood pressure instability, pupillary dysfunction, and urinary retention. Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, GBS has been reported among neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, although etiopathological mechanisms still have to be clearly defined. We report the case of a 79-year-old man with multiple comorbidities, including diabetes, who was affected by SARS-CoV-2 interstitial pneumonia and developed dysautonomic symptoms after 10 days of hospitalization. A neurological evaluation was performed, and GBS was considered as a possible cause of the clinical manifestations. This hypothesis was confirmed by electrophysiological study and further supported, ex-juvantibus, by the satisfactory response to immunoglobulin treatment. In our opinion, this case of pure dysautonomic presentation of GBS in a SARS-CoV-2 positive patient is relevant because it suggests to consider GBS upon SARS-CoV-2 infection even if the symptoms have uncommon characteristics (e.g., pure vegetative manifestations) and if there are confounding factors which could lead to a misdiagnosis (e.g., old age, SARS-CoV-2 infection consequences and diabetes).
To explore the application of the parameters of the physiologically based finite time pharmacokinetic(PBFTPK) models subdivided infirst-order(PBFTPK)
and zero-order (PBFTPK)
models to bioavailability and bioequivalence. To develop a methodology for the estimation of absolute bioavailability, F, from oral data exclusively.
Simulated concentration time data were generated from the Bateman equation and compared with data generated from the (PBFTPK)
and (PBFTPK)
models. The blood concentration C
(τ) at the end of the absorption processτ, was compared to C
; the utility of [Formula see text]and [Formula see text] in bioequivalence assessment was also explored. Equations for the calculation of F from oral data were derived forthe (PBFTPK)
and (PBFTPK)
models. An estimate for F was also derived from an areas proportionality using oral data exclusively.
The simulated data of the (PBFTPK)
models exhibit rich dynamics encountered in complex drug absorption phenomena. Both (PBFTPK)
and (PBFTPK)
models result either in C
= C
(τ) or C
> C
(τ)for rapidly- and not rapidly-absorbed drugs, respectively; in the latter case, C
(τ) andτ are meaningful parameters for drug's rate of exposure. ML355 manufacturer For both (PBFTPK)
and (PBFTPK)
models,[Formula see text]or portions of it cannot be used as early exposure rate indicators. [Formula see text]is a useful parameter for the assessment of extent of absorption for very rapidly absorbed drugs. An estimate for F for theophylline formulations was found close to unity.
The (PBFTPK)
and (PBFTPK)
models are more akin to in vivo conditions. Estimates for F can be derived from oral data exclusively.
The (PBFTPK)1 and (PBFTPK)0 models are more akin to in vivo conditions. Estimates for F can be derived from oral data exclusively.
The current study evaluated the associations between history of weight discrimination and race on pre-treatment depressive symptoms, treatment session attendance, and weight loss among Black and White adults enrolled in a 16-week obesity intervention.
Participants (N = 271; mean BMI = 35.7kg/m
; 59% Black; 92% women) reported prior experiences of weight discrimination and completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale at baseline. Weekly attendance at group sessions was recorded, and weight was measured at baseline and post-treatment. All models adjusted for baseline BMI, age, and sex.
Participants with a history of weight discrimination scored 2.4 points higher on the CES-D (B = 2.432, p = .012) and lost 2% less weight relative to those without weight discrimination (B = 0.023, p = .002). Race modified the association between weight discrimination and treatment session attendance, such that Black individuals attended fewer sessions if they had prior experience of weight discrimination, but prior weight discrimination was not significantly associated with treatment attendance among White individuals.
Weight discrimination is associated with pre-treatment depressive symptoms and may hinder weight loss regardless of race. Black individuals may attend fewer weight loss treatment sessions if they have prior experience of weight discrimination.
Weight discrimination is associated with pre-treatment depressive symptoms and may hinder weight loss regardless of race. Black individuals may attend fewer weight loss treatment sessions if they have prior experience of weight discrimination.
The impact of physical activity interventions for Latina women can be enhanced by identifying and implementing strategies to achieve long-term physical activity maintenance. Physical activity promotion research has mainly focused on physical activity initiation and we know little regarding individual, interpersonal, or environmental factors that influence maintenance of physical activity. This study aimed to qualitatively explore and understand factors associated with maintenance and non-maintenance of physical activity among Latinas.
Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 21 Latinas who increased their physical activity as a result of an intervention, and who completed a 3-month maintenance period without contact from research staff. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Important facilitators of physical activity maintenance described by participants included having made physical activity a habit; the ability to proactively overcome obstacles to engaging in physical activity, and satisfaction with outcomes obtained from engaging in physical activity. Additional facilitators mentioned by both maintainers and non-maintainers included having motivation, social support, and opportunities to be active. Both maintainers and non-maintainers reported high self-efficacy for PA maintenance in the future.
Guiding intervention participants to form habits and to set realistic expectations could help them to independently continue engaging in physical activity upon completion of physical activity interventions. Teaching them skills to proactively overcome obstacles may also be important for physical activity maintenance.
Guiding intervention participants to form habits and to set realistic expectations could help them to independently continue engaging in physical activity upon completion of physical activity interventions. Teaching them skills to proactively overcome obstacles may also be important for physical activity maintenance.
Environmental worry, a response to environmental pollution, is a well-established predictor of pro-environmental behaviors. However, its relationship with health-promoting behaviors, such as fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), is unclear. In three studies, we explored the associations between environmental worry, behavioral intention, and FVI.
Study 1, enrolling 358 company trainees who provided their data at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2; a 2-month follow-up), examined the relationship between environmental worry and FVI. Study 2, enrolling 226 employees providing their data at T1 and T2 (a 2-month follow-up), examined the mediating effects of intention in the relationship between environmental worry and FVI using a cross-lagged design. In study 3, data from 217 participants were collected three times over a period of 4months. We re-examined the mediating effect of intention and further explored the moderating effect of future focus.
Environmental worry predicted beneficial changes in FVI (studies 1, 2, and 3). Environmental worry predicted FVI through intention (studies 2 and 3). The mediating effect of intention on the relationship between environmental worry and FVI was moderated by future focus individuals with high environmental worry formed stronger intention when they also reported a strong future focus (study 3).
Our findings provide novel evidence for the direct and indirect links between environmental worry and health-promoting behavior (i.e., FVI).
Our findings provide novel evidence for the direct and indirect links between environmental worry and health-promoting behavior (i.e., FVI).
