Mohammadwinkler0298

Skin damage from visible light predominantly results from exposure to the blue light spectrum (400-500nm) which generates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) causing a cascade of harmful effects to skin. Topical antioxidants reduce the effects of free radical damage caused by environmental exposures. This study evaluated a comprehensive topical antioxidant's ability to inhibit ROS production induced by blue light and cigarette smoke (CS) in human skin.

Two experiments were conducted utilizing human skin (Fitzpatrick Skin Types III and V; N=3, each). After confirmed reactivity of untreated tissues at 412nm, 20J/cm

, untreated and pretreated (WEL-DS, 2mg/cm

) skin tissue was exposed to blue light and blue light plus CS and left overnight. A nonfluorescent probe (DCFH-DA) was added to skin and exposed to blue light (412nm, 20J/cm

) and blue light plus CS. Fluorescent 2',7'-DCF was generated upon enzymatic reduction and subsequent oxidation by ROS.

ROS increased at least tenfold following initial exposure to blue light and blue light plus CS in untreated skin. Pretreatment with WEL-DS decreased ROS in FST III exposed to blue light by 51% and 46% in skin exposed to blue light plus CS vs. untreated skin (both, P<.001). In FST V, pretreatment with WEL-DS decreased ROS exposed to blue light by 54% (P<.001) and 50% in skin exposed to blue light plus CS vs. untreated skin (P<.0001).

WEL-DS demonstrated significant reduction in ROS induced by blue light and blue light in combination with CS compared with untreated, exposed skin.

WEL-DS demonstrated significant reduction in ROS induced by blue light and blue light in combination with CS compared with untreated, exposed skin.The plant cell wall provides mechanical strength to support plant growth and development and to determine plant architecture. Cellulose and mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) present in primary cell wall, whereas cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose exist in secondary cell wall. Biosynthesis of the cell wall biopolymers needs the coordinated transcriptional regulation of all the biosynthetic genes. The module of OsmiR166b-OsHox32 regulates expression levels of the genes related to biosynthesis of MLG, cellulose and lignin. Transgenic plants knocking down miR166b (STTM166b) by short tandem target mimic (STTM) technology or overexpressing OsHox32 (OEHox32) showed drooping leaves and brittle culms. Due to accumulation of less lignin and cellulose, the cell wall thickness of STTM166b and OEHox32 plants was reduced when compared to that of wild-type plants. Overexpression of miR166b (OE166b) in rice plants or knocking down of OsHox32 by RNA interference (RNAiHox32) led to increased thickness of cell walls and enhanced mechanical strength of culms. Molecular analyses showed that OsmiR166b-OsHox32 pair regulates cell wall-related gene expression. OsHox32 binds to the promoters of OsCAD2 and OsCESA7 to suppress the expression levels of these two genes. The suppression of OsCAD2 is synergistic when OsHox32 is co-expressed with OSH15 (Oryza sativa homeobox 15). read more OsHox32 interacts with OSH15, and the START domain of OsHox32, harbouring the miR166b cleavage site, is required for the interaction of these two proteins. Our results demonstrate that OsmiR166b-OsHox32 pair plays important roles not only in plant growth and development but also in plant architecture by regulating the cell wall-related gene expression.The present study is based on a 3-year evaluation of an Israeli training program for local paid elder care workers, called, 'community care'. Interviews were conducted with all stakeholders involved in the program, including program developers, facilitators, funders, trainees, dropouts, graduates, employers and older care recipients. Qualitative thematic analysis was used. Analysis was supplemented by quantitative data concerning the program's inputs, outputs and outcomes. The program had multiple strengths, including a substantial funding stream and a highly skilled and committed team. Yet, out of 130 participants, 94 completed the program and 31 worked as care workers afterwards. Three main challenges to the efficacy of the training program were identified. A first challenge stems from the gap between the program's vision and real-life requirements and constraints. The second challenge concerns a disagreement between stakeholders concerning the definition of the new community care profession as an opportunity to empower trainees and encourage personal growth versus the community care worker as being no different from the traditional direct paid carer. A third challenge concerns the program's lack of integration between personal/physical care on the one hand and emotional and psychological care, on the other hand. The findings stress the importance of adequately conducting a needs assessment prior to embarking on a new social program and the tension between an ideal prototype and real-life constraints. The findings also stress the necessity of top-down processes, supported by the government to the development of a new profession of community elder care.This study aimed to examine the effects of an advance care planning (ACP) group which was developed by social workers in Hong Kong for older adults. A quasi-experimental study was conducted. Participants were recruited from 14 residential care homes. The ACP intervention group included 59 participants for analyses, and the control group 58. Three major outcomes were measured at two time points (a) Quality-of-life concerns, (b) End-of-life preference and (c) Advance directive (AD)-related outcomes (awareness of AD, AD completion, willingness to complete AD and communication with family members about AD). Findings indicate that the ACP group enhanced participants' awareness of AD compared with the control group. Participants were also more willing to complete AD, and more participants communicated with family members about AD after participating in the ACP group. No significant difference was found in other outcomes. This study demonstrates the efforts of social workers in promoting ACP in Hong Kong and the effectiveness of an ACP group for enhancing older adults' awareness of AD. Findings support the role of social workers in promoting ACP for deprived groups, like frail older adults. The ACP group could be considered a first step in enhancing older adults' awareness of and willingness to discuss end-of-life issues. Further follow-up is required to develop individualised ACP for older adults.