Mohammadgeertsen8369

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML; a subset of AI) have become increasingly important to the biomedical research community. These technologies, coupled to big data and cheminformatics, have tremendous potential to improve the design of novel therapeutics and to provide safe and effective drugs to patients. A National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) program called A Specialized Platform for Innovative Research Exploration (ASPIRE) leverages advances in AI/ML, automated synthetic chemistry, and high-throughput biology, and seeks to enable translation and drug development by catalyzing exploration of biologically active chemical space. Here we discuss the opportunities and challenges surrounding the application of AI/ML to the exploration of novel biologically relevant chemical space as part of ASPIRE.We developed a system to evaluate the skill of operating a hydraulic excavator. The system employs a remotely controlled (RC) excavator and virtual reality (VR) technology. We remodeled the RC excavator so that it can be operated in the same manner as a real excavator and proceeded to measure the excavator's state. To evaluate the skill of operating this system, we calculated several indices from the data recorded during excavation work and compared the indices obtained for expert and non-expert operators. The results revealed that it is possible to distinguish whether an expert or non-expert is operating the RC excavator. We calculated the same indices from the data recorded during excavation with a real excavator and verified that there exists a high correlation between the indices of the RC excavator and those of the real excavator. Thus, we confirmed that the indices of the real excavator and those of the simulator exhibited similar trends. This suggests that it is possible to partly evaluate the operation characteristics of a real excavator by using an RC excavator with different dynamics compared with a real excavator.Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) imposes a trade-off between non-invasive access and surgical capability. Treatment of early gastric cancers over 20 mm in diameter can be achieved by performing Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) with a flexible endoscope; however, this procedure is technically challenging, suffers from extended operation times and requires extensive training. To facilitate the ESD procedure, we have created a deployable cable driven robot that increases the surgical capabilities of the flexible endoscope while attempting to minimize the impact on the access that they offer. Using a low-profile inflatable support structure in the shape of a hollow hexagonal prism, our robot can fold around the flexible endoscope and, when the target site has been reached, achieve a 73.16% increase in volume and increase its radial stiffness. A sheath around the variable stiffness structure delivers a series of force transmission cables that connect to two independent tubular end-effectors through which standard flexible endoscopic instruments can pass and be anchored. Using a simple control scheme based on the length of each cable, the pose of the two instruments can be controlled by haptic controllers in each hand of the user. The forces exerted by a single instrument were measured, and a maximum magnitude of 8.29 N observed along a single axis. The working channels and tip control of the flexible endoscope remain in use in conjunction with our robot and were used during a procedure imitating the demands of ESD was successfully carried out by a novice user. Not only does this robot facilitate difficult surgical techniques, but it can be easily customized and rapidly produced at low cost due to a programmatic design approach.Automation of logistic tasks, such as object picking and placing, is currently one of the most active areas of research in robotics. Handling delicate objects, such as fruits and vegetables, both in warehouses and in plantations, is a big challenge due to the delicacy and precision required for the task. This paper presents the CLASH hand, a Compliant Low-Cost Antagonistic Servo Hand, whose kinematics was specifically designed for handling groceries. The main feature of the hand is its variable stiffness, which allows it to withstand collisions with the environment and also to adapt the passive stiffness to the object weight while relying on a modular design using off-the-shelf low-cost components. Due to the implementation of differentially coupled flexors, the hand can be actuated like an underactuated hand but can also be driven with different stiffness levels to planned grasp poses, i.e., it can serve for both model-based grasp planning and for underactuated or model-free grasping. The hand also includes self-checking and logging processes, which enable more robust performance during grasping actions. check details This paper presents key aspects of the hand design, examines the robustness of the hand in impact tests, and uses a standardized fruit benchmarking test to verify the behavior of the hand when different actuator and sensor failures occur and are compensated for autonomously by the hand.Background Finding social causes of a particular disease or specific health problem in groups or hidden illnesses, such as drug misuse is difficult. To estimate the population size, it should be taken into account that under enumeration usually occurs in direct estimation of population of certain high-risk groups. The present study used indirect methods to accurately estimate the population of students who have once experienced marijuana abuse. Methods This cross sectional research was conducted on 461 students in Hamadan. Two indirect methods, the Network Scale-up (NSU) and proxy respondent method (PRM), were used. Data were analyzed by statistical tests and SPSS version 16 and Excel. Results The mean age (standard deviation) was 22.51 (4.19 years), and the prevalence of marijuana misuse was 1.94%, 4.12%, and 2.6%, respectively, in girls and 14.57%, 12.58%, and 10.4% in boys using NSU, PRM, and direct method. Conclusion Direct and NSU methods had higher bias than PRM, the frequency of PRM was closer to reality, and the once use prevalence of marijuana was higher in the young male population than in the female.Background The construct of satisfaction with life has been studied across various cultures through the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) has been validated across several populations and languages. There are no published psychometric properties of its Urdu version. Hence, the aim of this study was to ascertain the psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the SWLS among the Urdu speaking population of Pakistan. Methods The SWLS has already been translated into Urdu, and the Urdu version is available on the author's website however there is no information about its psychometric properties. To establish the psychometric properties especially the factor structure of the already translated Urdu SWLS, the SWLS-Urdu was administered to Urdu speaking population residing in Pakistan. The statistical analyses (i.e., normality through skewness and kurtosis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's test of sphericity, and test and re-test reliability) were conducted through SPSS pulation.Background This study investigated the trends in the scientific output of Iran published in PubMed indexed journals. To the best of our knowledge, there was no previous study to examine the Iranian scientific output in all fields of health and biomedical sciences. Methods Using a bibliometric approach, we tracked 140 years (between 1877 and 2016) of Iranian scientific productions in PubMed. The journals which papers widely published over them were analyzed. The metadata of journals was extracted from Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Scimago Journal & Country Rank. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data was elaborated from the World Bank to evaluate the relationship with research output. We used Pearson's correlation coefficient at p less then 0.01 significance level and reported the data in a scatterplot. Results We identified 106 226 documents produced by Iranian authors in journals indexed in PubMed since 1877. The number of papers climbed dramatically in 2000 and afterward, and this was consistent with the country's GDP. Although the scientific contribution of Iranian researchers is remarkable, 67% of papers (26 978 out of 106 226) were published in local Journals categorized into quartile 3 and 4 of WoS and Scopus. The study shows that GDP growth has had a positive influence on publication output (r=0.738, p less then 0.001). Conclusion This is the first study with a panorama view of Iran's contribution to biomedical literature. Based on the results of our survey, although the number of Iranian publications rose over time but they are mostly published in low ranked journals. Health policy-makers advise reconsidering the criteria for measuring research activities. Improving policies will help researchers to publish in higher ranked journals.Background Due to the controversial effects of mental health disorders during pregnancy on infant health, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of gestational depression, stress, and anxiety on the growth of offspring at six months of age in disadvantaged communities in South of Iran. Methods The sample comprised of 470 pregnant women (response rate=98%) who are participated in the Bandar Abbas Pregnancy Cohort study. Maternal mental health was measured by the DASS-21 questionnaire during pregnancy. Data on infant growth was collected based on infant`s growth chart at six months of age. The relative risk of suboptimal infant growth was calculated by Modified Poisson regression models at 5% significant level. Results The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 19.0%, 26.1% and 6.5%, respectively. At six months of age, the mean (SD) of infant`s weight (gram), height (cm) and head circumference (cm) were 7287.30 (1019.85), 63.23 (5.62) and 41.39 (2.70), respectively. Compared to normal mothers, the risk of suboptimal weight at six months of age significantly increased by 71% in mothers who were classified as having depression (Adjusted RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.07, 2.09). The presence of anxiety significantly increased the risk of suboptimal height at six months of age by 43% (ARR 1.43, 95% CI 1.07, 1.92). There were no statistically significant effects of either depression anxiety or stress on the suboptimal head circumference at six months of age. Conclusion Our results showed that mental health disorders of pregnant women might adversely influence the weight and height growth of offspring within the first six months of age. Screening protocols to early diagnose of mental health disorders during pregnancy, and to strict follow up of diagnosed cases postpartum are proposed.Background Ischemic heart disease is categorized into two acute and chronic groups, and its treatments include revascularization and medical therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic burden of medical therapy compared to percutaneous coronary intervention in ischemic heart disease. Methods This study has been done in two steps. The first was a systematic review and meta-analysis to measure the effectiveness of two interventions and the second step was a cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of society. The data analysis included a meta-analysis and the Markov cohort simulation. RewMan v5 and tree age software were utilized. Uncertainties related to the model parameters were evaluated using one-way and two-way sensitivity analyses. Results Regarding the effectiveness of interventions, the odd ratio of the quality of life in the medical therapy group (CI 0.76-1.10) was 0.91 times the PCI group (p=0.34). This rate for mortality in medical therapy (CI 0.52-9.68) was 2.23 times more than the PCI group; this result was not significant (p=0.