Mohamedjuel8300

Inbreeding is a potent evolutionary force shaping the distribution of genetic variation within and among populations of plants and animals. Yet, our understanding of the forces shaping the expression and evolution of non-random mating in general, and inbreeding in particular, remains remarkably incomplete. Most research on plant mating systems focuses on self-fertilization and its consequences for automatic selection, inbreeding depression, purging, and reproductive assurance, whereas studies of animal mating systems have often assumed that inbreeding is rare, and that natural selection favors traits that promote outbreeding. Given that many sessile and sedentary marine invertebrates and marine macroalgae share key life-history features with seed plants (e.g., low mobility, modular construction, and the release of gametes into the environment), their mating systems may be similar. Here, we show that published estimates of inbreeding coefficients (FIS ) for sessile and sedentary marine organisms are similar and at least as high as noted in terrestrial seed plants. We also found that variation in FIS within invertebrates is related to the potential to self-fertilize, disperse, and choose mates. The similarity of FIS for these organismal groups suggests that inbreeding could play a larger role in the evolution of sessile and sedentary marine organisms than is currently recognized. Specifically, associations between traits of marine invertebrates and FIS suggest that inbreeding could drive evolutionary transitions between hermaphroditism and separate sexes, direct development and multiphasic life cycles, and external and internal fertilization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) provide an immunological antineoplastic effect. Recent evidences link a unique 12-chemokine (CCL2, -3, -4, -5, -8, -18, -19, -21, CXCL9, -10, -11, -13) signature status from tumor tissue and the TLS expression. However, the potential significance of 12-chemokine signature status for clinical use is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association of 12-chemokine signature status with patient outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC). We used integrated data of resected 975 CRC cases within three independent cohorts from France, Japan, and United States (GSE39582, KUMAMOTO from Kumamoto university hospital, and TCGA). The association of 12-chemokine signature status with clinicopathological features, patient outcome, TLS expression status, and key tumor molecular features was analyzed. Patients with low 12-chemokine signature status had a significant shorter relapse-free survival in discovery cohort (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.11-2.39, P = 0.0123), which was confirmed in validation cohort (HR 3.31, 95% CI 1.33-10.08, P = 0.0087). High 12-chemokine signature status had significant associations with right-sided tumor, high tumor-localized TLS expression, BRAF mutant, CIMP-high status, and MSI-high status. Furthermore, RNA-seq based analysis showed that high 12-chemokine signature status was strongly associated with inflammation-related, immune cells-related, and apoptosis pathways (using Gene set enrichment analysis), and more tumor infiltrating immune cells, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and myeloid dendritic cells (using MCP-counter analysis). We investigated a promising effect of 12-chemokine signature status in CRC patients who underwent resection. Our data may be helpful in developing novel immunological treatment strategies for CRC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease, that has no specific pharmacological treatments partially due to the unclear pathophysiological mechanisms. Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins are proteins that negatively regulate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. The member of R4/B subfamily are the smallest RGS proteins in size and RGS5 belongs to this family, which mediates pluripotent biological functions via canonical G-protein mediated pathways and non-GPCR pathways. Here, we combined genetic engineering rodent model and transcriptomics sequencing approach to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of RGS5 in the development of NAFLD. APPROACH & RESULTS In this study, we found that RGS5 protects against NAFLD and NASH. Using RNA sequencing and an unbiased systematic investigative approach, we found that the activation of MAPK signaling cascades in response to metabolic challenge is negatively associated with hepatic RGS5 expression. Mechanistically, we found that the 64-181aa fragment of RGS5 directly interacts with TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) via the 1 -300aa fragment and inhibits TAK1 phosphorylation and the subsequent JNK/p38 pathways activation. Disodium Cromoglycate in vitro CONCLUSION In hepatocytes, RGS5 is an essential molecule that protects against the progression of NAFLD. RGS5 directly binds to TAK1, preventing its hyperphosphorylation and the activation of the downstream JNK/p38 signaling cascade. RGS5 is a promising target molecule for fine-tuning the activity of TAK1 and for the treatment of NAFLD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Limited data are available pertaining to life history and population connectivity of the data deficient southern stingray (Hypanus americanus, Hildebrand & Schroeder, 1928). In order to determine potential vulnerabilities of their populations, this study aimed to analyze their movement patterns and genetic variability. A population of southern stingrays encompassing nine sites around Cape Eleuthera, The Bahamas has been monitored using mark-recapture, spanning a 2.5 year period. Out of 200 individual stingrays, more than a third were encountered again. The home range of the females appears to be very restricted, which supports the notion of high site residency. As resident populations of stingrays could suffer from a lack of population connectivity and be predestined for genetic isolation and local extirpation, this study further investigated the genetic connectivity of four sample sites in the central and western Bahamas. A haplotype analysis from the mitochondrial D-loop region showed no distinct population structure strictly correlated to sample site.