Mitchellbondesen1724

Roots of Pfaffia glomerata are used in traditional medicine as aphrodisiacs and sexual stimulants.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of the hydroalcoholic extract from the roots of Pfaffia glomerata on the Leydig cells, cavernous bodies and other penile constituents, as well as on serum testosterone and 17β-estradiol levels of adult mice.

Mature male Swiss mice were divided into 6 groups control (water), sildenafil citrate, 3 groups receiving daily doses of P. glomerata extract (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) and one group receiving intermittent doses of P. glomerata (200mg/kg/3-3d).

The proportions of blood vessels, lymphatic space and estradiol levels were increased. On the other hand, reduction of testosterone levels due to Leydig cells death was observed. As for penile parameters, volumetric proportions of cavernous bodies, collagen and nitric oxide were increased, while smooth muscle content was decreased.

Despite that the long term intake of P. glomerata extract was related to a stimulant action, reduction on Leydig cell viability induced decreased testosterone production.

Despite that the long term intake of P. glomerata extract was related to a stimulant action, reduction on Leydig cell viability induced decreased testosterone production.

Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. commonly known as ananthamool is a climbing perennial plant which is widely used in Indian traditional medicine. T. indica exhibits diverse range of pharmacological activities viz. antiasthmatic, antidiarrheal, anticancer, antiarthritic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory etc. AIM OF THE STUDY Present review aims to grant an up-to-date insight into the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of T. indica, exploring its future research and opportunities.

Comprehensive information regarding T. indica was collected using the keywords Tylophora indica or Indian ipecac or ananthamool in various electronic databases ACS, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, Springer Link and Wiley. In addition, some books and book chapters were also consulted.

T. indica has been traditionally used in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in the form of various preparations like powder, decoction, pulp, paste and extract alone or in combinat, mode of action, safety and toxicity and therapeutic potentials T. indica in clinical settings.

Epilobium species are generally known as "Yakı Otu" in Turkey, which mens "plaster herb" in English. 1-PHENYL-2-THIOUREA Young shoots of Epilobium angustifolium L., Epilobium stevenii Boiss., and Epilobium hirsutum L. are consumed as salad or meal. These species have been used as a poultice for the treatment of mouth wounds in traditional medicine. An ointment prepared from leaves is used for skin disorders in children.

We aimed to evaluate the ethnopharmacological use of Epilobium angustifolium, E. stevenii, and E. hirsutum by using in vivo and in vitro experimental models, and to identify the active wound-healer compound(s) and to explain the probable mechanism of the wound-healing activity.

Evaluation of wound healing effects of plant extracts was performed in rats and mice by linear incision and circular excision wound models. Determination of total phenolic constituents and antioxidant capacities, which are known to promote the wound healing process, were carried out through Folin-Ciocalteau method and 2,2 Diphenyl 1 ract of E. angustifolium and hyperoside may be a potent nominee to be used for the improvement of a wound-healing agent.

In vitro cultured calculus bovis (ICCB), which is produced based on the formation mechanism of bovine gallstones, is used to replace the natural bezoar. It has been used in the clinic to treat brain diseases, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease and depression.

ICCB is used to treat encephalopathy in the clinic. We explored the effects of ICCB on cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) and the potential associated mechanisms.

Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90min, followed by 24h of reperfusion, after being given different concentrations of ICCB once a day for 3 days. Subsequently, the neurological scores, brain oedema and volume of cerebral infarction were measured, and the histopathological changes in the cortex neurons were observed by haematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E). Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria of the cortex were assessed by transmissptotic signalling pathway.

Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb. (Myristicaceae), popularly known in Brazil as "mucuíba", "ucuúba", "ucuúba-branca" or "ucuúba do igapó", is a medicinal plant used to treat a variety of diseases, including infections, inflammatory processes and cancer.

In the present work, we investigated the chemical constituents and the in vitro and in vivo inhibition of human colon carcinoma HCT116cells by essential oils obtained from the bark (EOB) and leaves (EOL) of V. surinamensis.

EOB and EOL were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed via gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In vitro cytotoxic activity was determined in cultured cancer cells HCT116, HepG2, HL-60, B16-F10 and MCF-7 and in a non-cancerous cell line MRC-5 by the Alamar blue assay after 72h of treatment. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and cell cycle distribution were evaluated by flow cytometry in HCT116cells treated with esstidylserine, mitochondrial depolarization and fragmentation of internucleosomal DNA. At a dose of 40mg/kg, tumor mass inhibition rates were 57.9 and 44.8% in animals treated with EOB and EOL, respectively.

These data indicate V. surinamensis as possible herbal medicine in the treatment of colon cancer.

These data indicate V. surinamensis as possible herbal medicine in the treatment of colon cancer.

Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. (Zingiberaceae) is an indigenous plant of Southeast Asia. Based on ethnopharmacological use, the rhizome is recommended in the treatment of stomachache, leukoplakia, abscesses, and leukorrhea in Thailand primary health care system. Candida albicans often causes leukorrhea, and infection of many mucosal sites. Its infection leads to serious illness.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the ethanolic extract of the B. rotunda rhizome on C. albicans ATCC10231 in the stages of planktonic and biofilm formation and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

The chemical composition of the extract was determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The planktonic growth of C. albicans was evaluated by the microdilution method, following EUCAST guidelines. For each stage of biofilm formation, the biofilm was assessed by the MTT assay. The biofilm structure was examined under a light microscope. The degree of cell surface hydrophobicity was measured. The mRNA levels of ALS1, ALS3, and ACT1 were determined by RT-qPCR.