Milneboyd3544

School closures are considered as a potential non-pharmaceutical intervention to mitigate severe influenza epidemics and pandemics. In this study, we assessed the effects of scheduled school closure on influenza transmission, using influenza surveillance data before, during, and after spring breaks in South Korea, 2014-2016. During the spring breaks, influenza transmission was reduced by 27-39%, while overall reduction in transmissibility was estimated by 6-23%, with greater effects observed among school-aged children. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.A 42 day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cu and Zn source and Cu level on pig performance, mineral status, bacterial modulation, and the presence of antimicrobial resistant genes in isolates of Enteroccocus spp. At weaning, 528 pigs (5.9 ± 0.50 kg) were allotted to 48 pens of a randomized complete block design in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with two Cu and Zn sources (SF sulfate and HCl hydroxychloride) and two Cu levels (15 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg). As a challenge, the pigs were reared in dirty pens used by a previous commercial batch. Two-phase diets were offered the pre-starter (PS) phase from d 1 to 14 and the starter phase (ST) from d 14 to 42. At d 14 and 42, pigs were individually weighed and blood samples from 1 pig/pen were taken. At the end of the experiment, 1 pig/pen was euthanized to collect samples. Feeding high levels of Cu increased BW from 16.6 to 17.7 kg (P less then 0.001). Furthermore, ADG, GF, ADFI and mineral status was enhanced with Cu at 160 mg/kg (P less then 0.05) (65%) regardless of the experimental diet. Genes of ermB (7.5%) and tetM (5%) were identified. No genes for Cu (tcrB) or vancomycin (vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2) were detected. In conclusion, EU permissible levels of Cu (160 mg/kg), of both sources, are able to increase performance, mineral status and bacterial modulation compared to nutritional level. Different effects on growth performance, mineral tissue content and microbial modulation were observed between Cu and Zn sources. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Dimorphandra wilsonii Rizzini, a critically endangered and protected tree, has a restricted distribution in the ecotone between the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. In this area, it co-occurs with D. mollis Benth., a common tree from the Cerrado, and D. exaltata Schott., a rare tree from the Atlantic Forest. Previous studies of D. wilsonii indicated heterozygosity excess at the individual level. Field observation of some intermediate phenotypes between D. wilsonii and both congeners suggests hybridization of D. wilsonii with D. mollis and/or D. MLT-748 datasheet exaltata. Here, we tested the hypothesis that D. wilsonii may be originated from hybridization between D. exaltata and D. mollis. We also performed cytogenetic analysis to examine if the heterozygote excess could be explained by polyploidy in D. wilsonii. METHODS We evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of D. wilsonii using eleven nuclear SSRs genotyped in 152 individuals sampled across the taxon's range. Wtany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.The COVID-19 outbreak is posing unprecedented risks and challenges for all communities and healthcare systems, worldwide. There are unique considerations for many adult patients with gliomas who are vulnerable to the novel coronavirus due to older age and immunosuppression. As patients with terminal illnesses, they present ethical challenges for centers that may need to ration access to ventilator care due to insufficient critical care capacity. It is urgent for the neuro-oncology community to develop a pro-active and coordinated approach to the care of adults with gliomas in order to provide them with the best possible oncologic care while also reducing their risk of viral infection during times of potential healthcare system failure. In this article, we present an approach developed by an international multi-disciplinary group to optimize the care of adults with gliomas during this pandemic. We recommend measures to promote strict social distancing and minimize exposures for patients, address risk and benefit of all therapeutic interventions, pro-actively develop end of life plans, educate patients and caregivers and ensure the health of the multi-disciplinary neuro-oncology workforce. This pandemic is already changing neuro-oncologic care delivery around the globe. It is important to highlight opportunities to maximize the benefit and minimize the risk of glioma management during this pandemic and potentially, in the future. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.OBJECTIVE Cancer and diabetes are two severe chronic illnesses that often co-occur. In cancer patients, diabetes increases the risk for treatment complexities and mortality. Yet patient-reported outcomes with co-occurring chronic illness are understudied. DESIGN This preliminary study investigated the association of diabetes with breast cancer-related morbidity among underserved Latina breast cancer survivors (BCS). PARTICIPANTS 137 Latina BCS were recruited from the California Cancer Registry and hospitals.Setting and Main Outcome Measure(s) BCS completed a self-administered mailed questionnaire assessing demographic and medical characteristics e.g. Type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESULTS 28% Latina BCS reported co-occurring T2DM at twice the general population rate. Diabetes was most prevalent among Latina BCS > 65 years (43%). Latina BCS with diabetes were more likely to report advanced cancer staging at diagnosis (P = 0.036) and more lymphedema symptoms (P = 0.036). Results suggest non-significant but lower general health and greater physical functioning limitations among BCS with T2DM.