Millsegan6983

The pharmaceutical relevance of developing advanced strategies to mitigate edematous disorders is also implicated. In conclusion, the crosstalk between Clelectrolyte transport and active traditional Chinese medicine monomers may lead to the development of new strategies for diarrhea by manipulating the function and expression of ion channels. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is categorized as Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) and it is characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Relapsing symptoms, including abdominal pain, increased stool frequency, loss of appetite as well as anemia contribute to significant deterioration of quality of life. IBD treatment encompasses chemotherapy (e.g. corticosteroids, thiopurines) and biological agents (e.g. selleck chemical antibodies targeting tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 12/23) and surgery. However, efficacy of these therapies is not satisfactory. Thus, scientists are looking for new options in IBD treatment that could induce and maintain remission. OBJECTIVE To summarize previous knowledge about role of different intestinal cells in IBD pathophysiology and application of stem cells in the IBD treatment. RESULTS Recent studies have emphasized an important role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as well as intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in the IBD pathophysiology suggesting that these types of cell can be new targets for IBD treatment. Moreover, last studies show that stem cells transplantation reduces inflammation in patients suffering from IBD, which are resistant to conventional therapies. CONCLUSION Both, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to restore damaged tissue and regulate the immune system. Autologous HSCs transplantation eliminates autoreactive cells and replace them with new T-cells resulting a long-time remission. Whereas MSCs transplantation is effective therapy in one of the major complications of IBD, perianal fistulas. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Among the major components of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most effective for its anti-cancer characteristics. The bulk of studies provide the mechanisms of suppressive function of EGCG are involved in alteration of cancer cell cycle, development, and apoptosis through activation/inhibition of several signal pathways. Another mechanism that explains the multiple effects exerted by EGCG in cancer is the epigenetic change by DNA methylation or methyltransferases, histone acetylation or deacetylases, and no coding RNAs (micoRNAs). Furthermore, decontrolled expression of miRNA transcription has been tested to be directly regulated by oncogenic and tumor-suppressor transcription factors. Recently, several proteins have been identified as miRNA direct interactors by EGCG. However, the mechanisms explaining action of miRNA being modulated by EGCG have not been completely understood, yet. This review summarizes the state of epigenetic change being modulated by EGCG in variety of cancers and oncogenic and tumor-suppressor transcription factors. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown. However, there is growing evidence that the increase in the overall incidence of IBD relates to the improvement of the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the society leading to lower exposure to both bacterial and parasitic infections. IBD is uncurable and characterized by alternating periods of exacerbation and remission of symptoms. Therefore, the main goal of treatment strategies in IBD patients is the most effective maintenance of clinical and endoscopic remission, which does allow patients to function normally for a significant part of life. Taking into account the evidence from various areas, there is a strong rationale supporting the concept that bacteria are important in gut inflammation and that probiotic bacteria may modulate the host-microbe interaction in a way that is directly beneficial to IBD patients along with nutritional support. In this review we focus on the potential role of gastrointestinal microbiota in pathogenesis of IBD and the possible value of probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics as well as nutritional support in treatment of IBD. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Nowadays, natural compounds of plant origin with anticancer effect have gained more attention because of their clinical safety and broad efficacy profiles. Autophagy is a multistep lysosomal degradation pathway may have a unique potential for clinical benefit in the setting of cancer treatment. To retrieve articles related to the study, the databases of Google Scholar, Web of sciences, Medline and Scopus, using the following keywords Autophagic pathways; herbal medicine, oncogenic autophagic pathways, tumour suppressive autophagic pathways and cancer were searched. Plant natural compounds such as resveratrol, curcumin, oridonin, gossypol and paclitaxel have obvious anticancer potential via autophagic signaling pathways. Although, there is a great need to find new natural compounds and investigate the underlying mechanisms, to facilitate the clinical use of them as potential anti-cancer agents through autophagic induction. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Lichens are emerging as a promising natural source of bioactivities of pharmaceutical interest. The present study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the lichen Umbilicaria muhlenbergii as a potential source of pharmaceutically relevant anticancer and antibiotic lichen chemicals. The crude acetone extract of U. muhlenbergii exhibited 13.3 μg mL-1 cytotoxic activity (EC50) against breast cancer cells (MCF-7), as compared to a cisplatin positive control with EC50 of 5.8 μg mL-1. The antibiotic activity of the crude extract against a gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus was 22.5 μg mL-1 as MIC. Using silica gel 60 (SG60) column chromatography, the crude extract was then separated into eight fractions, which were further evaluated for their anticancer activities against MCF-7 cells. By means of propidium iodide flow cytometry, two of the eight SG60 fractions were found to cause cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells (73.14% of cells) at G2 phase, which is indicative of apoptosis and inhibition of cellular proliferation.