Mikkelsenmejer2333

The results of this study could be implemented in cardiovascular TE strategies when regeneration of blood vessel or heart valve is desired.

The burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is poorly understood.

The aims of the study were to characterize a large cohort of COVID-19-positive adult patients with AD and to identify predictors of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and mortality.

A population-based nested case-control study was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of predictors for COVID-19-associated hospitalization and mortality.

Of 78,073 adult patients with AD, 3618 (4.6%) tested positive for COVID-19. Subclinical COVID-19 infection occurred in 3368 (93.1%) of COVID-19-positive patients, whereas 123 (3.4%), 46 (1.3%), 55 (1.5%), and 26 (0.7%) patients developed a mild, moderate, severe, and critical disease, respectively. Altogether, 250 patients (6.0%) were hospitalized, and 40 patients (1.1%) died because of COVID-19 complications. Coronavirus disease 2019-associated hospitalization was independently associated with the intake of extended courses of systemic corticosteroids (adjusted odds ratio, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.23-3.14; P = 0.005). None of AD-related variables independently predicted COVID-19-associated mortality. The presence of comorbid metabolic syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic renal failure, and depression projected both COVID-19-associated hospitalization and mortality.

Prolonged systemic corticosteroids during the pandemic are associated with increased odds of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and should be avoided in patients with AD.

Prolonged systemic corticosteroids during the pandemic are associated with increased odds of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and should be avoided in patients with AD.

The effect of supramalleolar osteotomy without a bone marrow-stimulating procedure for articular cartilage regeneration in the ankle joint remains unknown. We investigated whether supramalleolar osteotomy yielded favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes. We also evaluated the joint tissue appearance after supramalleolar osteotomy without a bone marrow-stimulating procedure with use of second-look arthroscopy and its correlation with the outcome.

Twenty-nine ankles were retrospectively reviewed at a mean of 2.9 years after supramalleolar osteotomy without a bone marrow-stimulating procedure. All 29 ankles had had second-look arthroscopy to evaluate tibiotalar joint tissue regeneration at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively. BX471 A visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, and patient satisfaction were used for functional evaluations. Ankle osteoarthritis was classified with the Takakura staging system, and the tibial anterior surfactilage deterioration.

Medial tibiotalar tissue regeneration was identified in most patients with medial compartment ankle osteoarthritis following supramalleolar osteotomy without a bone marrow-stimulating procedure. The procedure results in satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes with high patient satisfaction.

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

To assess the impact of syphilis infection on the risk of HIV-RNA elevation in people living with HIV (PLWH) with current HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL.

The Italian Cohort Naïve Antiretrovirals (ICONA).

All PLWH (2009-2020) under antiretroviral treatment with at least 2 consecutive HIV-RNA values ≤50 copies/mL before the date of syphilis diagnosis and at least one HIV-RNA determination after the syphilis event were enrolled. A control group of PLWH without syphilis was matched for mode of HIV transmission. Outcomes were defined using the first HIV-RNA measure in the time window ranging between -2 and +6 months of the diagnosis/index date. The primary outcome used a single value>200 copies/mL to define HIV-RNA elevation associated with risk of transmission. The association between syphilis infection and the protocol defined outcome was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.

Nine hundred and twenty-six PLWH with a syphilis event were enrolled and matched with a random sample of 1370 PLWH without syphilis. Eighteen of the 926 (1.9%) with syphilis had ≥1 HIV-RNA>200 copies/mL in the window vs. 29/1370 (2.1%) of the not exposed (p=0.77). In the multivariable analysis adjusted for age, year of diagnosis/index date and clinical site, syphilis infection was not associated with the risk of HIV-RNA >200 copies/mL [adjusted Odds Ratio 0.81; 95% confidence interval 0.43-1.52, p=0.508].

We did not find any evidence for an association between syphilis infection and viral elevation >200 copies/mL.

200 copies/mL.

Migrant populations are overrepresented among persons diagnosed with HIV in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA). Understanding the timing of HIV acquisition (pre- or post-migration) is crucial for developing public health interventions and for producing reliable estimates of HIV incidence and the number of people living with undiagnosed HIV infection. We summarize a recently proposed method for determining timing of HIV acquisition and apply it to both real and simulated data.

The considered method combines estimates from a mixed model, applied to data from a large seroconverters cohort, with biomarker measurements and individual characteristics to derive probabilities of pre-migration HIV acquisition within a Bayesian framework. The method is applied to a subset of data from The European Surveillance System (TESSy) and simulated data.

Simulation study results showed good performance with the probabilities of correctly classifying a pre-migration or a post-migration case being 8mong migrants occurs in destination countries, having important implications for public health policy and programmes.

Persistent inflammation in HIV infection is associated with elevated cardiovascular disease risk, even with viral suppression. Identification of novel surrogate biomarkers can enhance cardiovascular disease risk stratification and suggest novel therapies. We investigated the potential of IL-32, a proinflammatory multi-isoform cytokine, as a biomarker for subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis in virologically-suppressed women living with HIV (WLWH).

Nested within the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), we conducted a cross-sectional comparison of IL-32 between 399 WLWH and 100 women without HIV, followed by a case-control study of 72 WLWH (36 carotid artery plaque cases vs. 36 age-matched controls without plaque). Plasma IL-32 protein was measured by ELISA, and mRNA of IL-32 isoforms (IL-32α, β, γ, D, ε, θ) was quantified by RT-PCR from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Plasma IL-32 protein levels were higher in WLWH compared to women without HIV (p=0.02). Among WLWH, while plasma IL-32 levels did not differ significantly between plaque cases and controls, expression of IL-32 isoforms α, β and ε mRNA was significantly higher in PBMCs from cases (p=0.01, p=0.005, and p=0.018, respectively). Upregulation of IL-32β and IL-32ε among WLWH with carotid artery plaque persisted after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, smoking, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and history of hepatitis C virus (p=0.04 and p=0.045); the adjusted association for IL-32α was marginally significant (p=0.07).

IL-32 isoforms should be studied further as potential cardiovascular disease biomarkers. This is of particular interest in WLWH by virtue of altered IL-32 levels in this population.

IL-32 isoforms should be studied further as potential cardiovascular disease biomarkers. This is of particular interest in WLWH by virtue of altered IL-32 levels in this population.

We used data from a routine HIV testing program to develop risk scores to identify patients with undiagnosed HIV infection while reducing the number of total tests performed.

Multivariate logistic regression.

We included demographic factors from HIV testing data collected in 134 Botswana Ministry of Health & Wellness facilities during 2 periods (10/1/2018-8/19/2019 & 12/1/2019-3/30/2020). In period 2, the program collected additional demographic and risk factors. We randomly split each period into prediction/validation datasets and used multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with positivity; factors with adjusted odds ratios ≥1.5 were included in the risk score with weights equal to their coefficient. We applied a range of risk score cutoffs to validation datasets to determine tests averted, test positivity, positives missed, and costs averted.

In period 1, 4 factors were significantly associated with HIV positivity (coefficients range 0.44-0.87). In period 2, 13 such factors were identified (coefficients range 0.44-1.37). In Period 1, application of risk score cutoff ≥1.0 would result in 50% fewer tests performed and capture 61% of positives. In Period 2, a cutoff ≥1.0 would result in 13% fewer tests and capture 96% of positives; a cutoff ≥2.0 would result in 40% fewer tests and capture 83% of positives. Costs averted ranged from 12.1-52.3%.

Botswana's testing program could decrease testing volume but may delay diagnosis of some positive patients. Whether this trade-off is worthwhile depends on operational considerations, impact of testing volume on program costs, and implications of delayed diagnoses.

Botswana's testing program could decrease testing volume but may delay diagnosis of some positive patients. Whether this trade-off is worthwhile depends on operational considerations, impact of testing volume on program costs, and implications of delayed diagnoses.

To compare risk factors and clinical outcomes between people living with HIV (PLWH) and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) adults with stroke hospitalized in Zambia.

We retrospectively reviewed charts of all adults admitted to the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia with a clinical diagnosis of stroke between October 2018 and March 2019. Standardized data collection instruments were used to collect demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging results. Comparison between individuals with and without HIV infection was made using t-tests for continuous parametric variables, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous non-parametric variables, and chi-square analyses for categorical variables.

272 adults with stroke were admitted of whom 58 (21%) were PLWH. Compared to HIV- participants, PLWH were younger (48 ± 14) years versus 62 ± 18) years, p < 0.001). PLWH were less likely to have hypertension (65% vs 83%, p = 0.003) and more likely to have no traditional cerebrovascular risk factors (34% vs 15%, p = 0.01). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (4% vs 1%, p = 0.04) was more common during hospitalization amongst PLWH, but there was no difference in in-hospital mortality (21% vs 23%, p = 0.65). Among PLWH with stroke, factors associated with in-hospital mortality were Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission (7 vs 10, p = 0.046), hypertension (92% vs 59%, p = 0.04) and fever (58% vs 13%, p = 0.003).

This Zambian cohort of PLWH and stroke is notable for being significantly younger with fewer traditional stroke risk factors but higher rates of DVT than their HIV-uninfected counterparts. GCS on admission, hypertension and fever were associated with in-hospital mortality.

This Zambian cohort of PLWH and stroke is notable for being significantly younger with fewer traditional stroke risk factors but higher rates of DVT than their HIV-uninfected counterparts. GCS on admission, hypertension and fever were associated with in-hospital mortality.