Midtgaardwaller2961

The workflow identified 10 TPs, including molecular structure. Microbial community composition analysis showed similar community composition in the influent and effluent of most RSFs, but different from the filter medium, implying that specific microorganisms proliferate in the RSFs. Some of these are able to perform typical processes in water treatment such as nitrification and iron oxidation. However, there was no clear relationship between OMP removal efficiency and microbial community composition. The innovative combination of quantitative analyses, NTS and NGS allowed to characterize real scale biological water treatments, emphasizing the potential of bio-stimulation applications in drinking water treatment.The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in natural water resources due to incomplete removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) is a serious environmental concern at present. In this work, the effects of three pharmaceuticals (propranolol, triclosan, and nimesulide) on Gammarus pulex metabolic profiles at different doses and times of exposure have been investigated by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The complex data sets generated in the different exposure experiments were analyzed with the ROIMCR procedure, based on the selection of the MS regions of interest (ROI) data and on their analysis by the Multivariate Curve-Resolution Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) chemometrics method. click here , allowed the resolution and identification of the metabolites present in the analyzed samples, as well as the estimation of their concentration changes due to the exposure experiments. ANOVA Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) were then conducted to assess the changes in the concentration of the metabolites for the three pharmaceuticals at the different conditions of exposure. The three tested pharmaceuticals changed the concentrations of metabolites, which were related to different KEGG functional classes. These changes summarize the biochemical response of Gammarus pulex to the exposure by the three investigated pharmaceuticals. Possible pathway alterations related to protein synthesis and oxidative stress were observed in the concentration of identified metabolites.Ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are widely used in drinking water treatment and wastewater recycling. However, limited information was available regarding their performance in removing trihalomethanes (THMs). The present study investigated the effect of feed solution characteristics and membrane fouling on THM removal by UF/NF/RO membranes. The results indicated that THMs were poorly removed by UF membrane, and the removal was dominated by hydrophobic adsorption. In contrast, high removal of THMs was observed for NF/RO membranes, which was contributed by both size exclusion and hydrophobic adsorption. By comparing the adsorption of THMs on NF/RO membranes at different feed concentration, it was found that the role of hydrophobic adsorption was more important at lower feed concentration. The removal of THMs by UF/NF/RO membranes increased with increasing feed concentration, which can be ascribed to the enhanced diffusion at higher concentration gradient. With increasing ionic strength, THM removal was decreased significantly for UF membrane, but the removal by NF/RO membranes remained largely unchanged. #link# By comparing THM removal by clean and fouled membranes, the effect of membrane fouling was examined. The removal of most THMs (except trichloromethane) decreased after fouling for UF membrane, whereas decreased removal was only observed for iodinated THMs for fouled NF/RO membranes.Mercury, particularly methylmercury, can accumulate through food webs and generate high risks for species at higher trophic levels. Inorganic mercury can be methylated into the organic species methylmercury if suitable reducing conditions exist, for example, in hotspots like oilfields. We developed a conceptual model to conduct an ecological risk assessment based on the food web structure of the Shengli oilfield area, China. The model can identify species at risk and elucidate the sources of risks according to their diet. A risk rating criteria was developed based on the food web structure to categorize the different levels of risks for different species. link2 As expected, the results indicate increasing risks for the biota higher in the food web hierarchy. Grasshoppers were mostly at no risk throughout the study area, whereas grubs at southwest were at minimal risks due to local high Hg concentration in the soil. Mantises, which are insect predators, were also at minimal risk. Herbivorous birds with similar feeding habits than grasshoppers were at no risk, but omnivorous and carnivorous birds were at moderate risk. The conceptual model is a useful tool to improve pollution remediation and establish risk control strategies based on ecological risks of the food web rather than just Hg concentrations in the environment.This study represents the first ever work on a novel oxone treated hydrochar as an adsorbent for the efficient removal of different contaminants from aqueous solutions. Pine wood hydrochar (HC) was prepared by hydrothermal treatment at 300 °C and oxidized with oxone to produce oxidized pine wood hydrochar (OHC). Different analytical tools such as elemental analysis, FTIR, TGA, FE-SEM, and BET were used for the characterization of the OHC. Conductometric titration of OHC showed a substantial increase from 22 μmol/g to 600 μmol/g in the hydrochar carboxylic content. The OHC sorption performance was assessed by using Pb(II) ions and methylene blue (MB) dye as two models of contaminants. Sorption benchmarks were performed by varying the contaminant initial concentration, time, and temperatures. Sorption kinetic data was fitted well to the pseudo-second order kinetic model with high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.99) and isothermal data was fitted to the Langmuir model. The highest adsorption capacities for MB and Pb(II) were 86.7 mg/g and 46.7 mg/g, respectively. This study proves that oxone treatment could be a potential sustainable oxidation method to tune the hydrochar surface to increase selectivity towards heavy metal ions and dye sorption.This study examines the organization and morphology of Bacillus globigii (BG) spores, a common surrogate for Bacillus anthracis, which were seeded and then recovered at various times from several points within a conventional, pilot-scale activated sludge system. Recovered BG spores were enumerated, microscopically examined, and tested for resistance to chemical (i.e. 5% H2O2 for 8 min), thermal (80 °C for 30 min), and ultraviolet light (8 W, 254 nm UV for 1 min) inactivation. Spores exposed to activated sludge germinated, sporulated, and exhibited unique multilayer clustering patterns and statistically significant changes (p less then 0.005) in dimensional morphology. Spores collected in the later experimental stages (i.e., during weeks 6 and 7) were significantly more resistant (p ≤ 0.05) to inactivation than those collected on the first day of testing. These results have direct consequences for sludge treatment requirements at wastewater treatment plants that receive spore-containing waste streams.The emerging growth of nanotechnology has attracted great attention due to its application in the parasite and intermediate host control. However, the knowledge concerning the mechanism of action (MoA) and toxicity of nanomaterials (NMs) to snails remain unclear. link3 In this context, the present study revised the historical use of snails as experimental models in nanotoxicological studies and summarized the MoA and toxicity of NMs in aquatic and land snails. The data concerning the bioaccumulation, reproductive and transgenerational toxicity, embryotoxicity, genotoxicity and potential molluscicidal activity of NMs were revised. Furthermore, the data about the experimental conditions, such as exposure time, concentrations, cell and tissue-specific responses, snail species and nanoparticle types are discussed. Revised data showed that the toxic effects of NMs were reported for 21 snail species with medical, veterinary and ecological importance. The NM toxicity to snails is dependent on the physical and chemical properties of NMs, as well as their environmental transformation and experimental design. The NM bioaccumulation on snails was related to several toxic effects, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, following by oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. The NM metabolism in snails remains unknown. Results showed the potential use of NMs in the snail control program. Also, significant research gaps and recommendations for future researches are indicated. The present study confirms that snails are suitable invertebrate model system to assess the nanotoxicity.Beijing is one of the most polluted cities in the world. However, the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan" (APPCAP), introduced since 2013 in China, has created an unprecedented drop in pollution concentrations for five major pollutants, except O3, with a significant drop in mortalities across most parts of the city. To assess the effects of APPCAP, air pollution data were collected from 35 sites (divided into four types, namely, urban, suburban, regional background, and traffic) in Beijing, from 2014 to 2018 and analyzed. Simultaneously, health-risk based air quality index (HAQI) and district-specific pollution (PM2.5 and O3) attributed mortality were calculated for Beijing. The results show that the annual PM2.5 concentration exceeded the Chinese national ambient air quality standard Grade II (35 μg/m3) in all sites, ranging from 88.5 ± 77.4 μg/m3 for the suburban site to 98.6 ± 89.0 μg/m3 for the traffic site in 2014, but was reduced to 50.6 ± 46.6 μg/m3 for the suburban site, and 56.1 ± 47.0alth risk study at the city-district level in China.Developing an eco-friendly Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach is only possible by minimizing the use of insecticides and their effects on non-targets such as natural enemies. Chrysoperla carnea is a potential predator of several economic pests including whiteflies and aphids. C. carnea selected with cyromazine for 15 generations indicated a great increase in resistance to this Insect Growth Regulator (IGR). There was no cross-resistance to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and nitenpyram in Cyro-SEL population. Inheritance to cyromazine was autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. A high realized heritability (h2) value (0.37) confirmed more genetic variability. Synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF) showed a significant involvement of P-450 monooxygenase and esterase in cyromazine resistance development. These findings are helpful to design a natural enemy-friendly IPM strategy resulting in increased survival and performance of C. carnea controlling economic pests.Granules initiation and development is the backbone of aerobic granular sludge technology. Feed composition can notably affect initiation and development of aerobic granules, and yield aerobic granules with distinct microbial community, morphology and structure. This paper reports an unexpected formation of aerobic granules in an aspartic acid fed SBR under unfavorable hydrodynamic selection conditions. Detailed characteristics of these aerobic granules were investigated in terms of morphology, structure, bioactivity and EPS. The results showed that due to the absence of favorable hydrodynamic selection pressure, the formed aerobic granules had an irregular shape with a rough outline and loose internal structure, which was quite different from mature aerobic granules. Bacteria in these aerobic granules were mainly presented in the form of microcolony with calcium and β-polysaccharides responsible for its mechanical stability. The high N/C ratio of aspartic acid enabled the enrichment of significant amount of nitrifiers within aerobic granules and thus resulted in high nitrification activity of these aerobic granules.