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Future studies, with larger sample sizes, should focus on the study of these cells as a biomarker for placental health and a possible screening or diagnostic tool for fetal genetic conditions.

Circulating TB have the potential of predicting obstetrical complications such as HDP. Future studies, with larger sample sizes, should focus on the study of these cells as a biomarker for placental health and a possible screening or diagnostic tool for fetal genetic conditions.

Preimplantation Genetic Testing - Aneuploidy (PGT-A) for embryo selection has undergone significant advancements in the last 2decades and yet many studies still fail to demonstrate any clinical benefits over traditional embryo morphology selection (Mo-S). To understand this conundrum, we performed a multi-center clinical study of PGT-A patients, where Mo-S and euploid selection (Eu-S) outcomes were directly compared.

All suitable blastocysts were biopsied and analyzed for chromosome copy number. Outcomes (positive beta hCG, implantation, ongoing pregnancy, and live birth rates) for Eu-S were compared to Mo-S using single embryo transfers.

Compared to Eu-S embryos, Mo-S embryos resulted in significant reduction of outcomes for positive beta hCG (p=0.0005), implantation (p=0.0008), ongoing pregnancy (p=0.0046), livebirth (p=0.0112), babies per transfer (p=0.0112), and babies per embryo transferred (p=0.0112). Morphology selection resulted in patients of all age groups having non-euploid embryos chosen for transfer. Post-hoc evaluation of individual clinic performances showed variable transfer outcomes that could potentially confound the true benefits of PGT-A.

Embryo chromosome status is central to improved embryo transfer outcomes and sole reliance on current morphology-based selection practices, without Eu-S, will always compromise outcomes. Often overlooked but a major effector of successful PGT-A outcomes are individual clinic performances.

Embryo chromosome status is central to improved embryo transfer outcomes and sole reliance on current morphology-based selection practices, without Eu-S, will always compromise outcomes. Often overlooked but a major effector of successful PGT-A outcomes are individual clinic performances.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global cause of cancer-related mortality driven by genetic and environmental factors which influence therapeutic outcomes. The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies enables the rapid and extensive collection and curation of genetic data for each cancer type into clinical gene expression biobanks. We report the application of bioinformatics tools for investigating the expression patterns and prognostic significance of three genes that are commonly dysregulated in colon cancer adenomatous polyposis coli (APC); B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF); and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS). Through the use of bioinformatics tools, we show the patterns of APC, BRAF and KRAS genetic alterations and their role in patient prognosis. Our results show mutation types, the frequency of mutations, tumour anatomical location and differential expression patterns for APC, BRAF and KRAS for colorectal tumour and matched healthy tissue. The prognostic value of APC, BRAF and KRAS genetic alterations was investigated as a function of their expression levels in CRC. In the era of precision medicine, with significant advancements in biobanking and data curation, there is significant scope to use existing clinical data sets for evaluating the role of mutational drivers in carcinogenesis. This approach offers the potential for studying combinations of less well-known genes and the discovery of novel biomarkers, or for studying the association between various effector proteins and pathways.This case study discusses a dispute between the healthcare team and the patient's surrogate decision maker at a cancer centre. While the healthcare team deemed further care to be futile, the patient's husband argued that they should continue to try to reverse his wife's acute decline. This case study illustrates the inertia and moral distress that can result when there are differences between patients/surrogates and the healthcare team in their goals for intensive care. The issues of moral distress and an inability to make decisions were addressed by involving an ethics consultant, and by creating institutional mechanisms to address end-of-life issues at an earlier stage.Can a young doctor without training in communication skills use empathy as a compass for making ethical decisions? This narrative reflects on a young boy left alone with a paralyzed dying father after six months of 'free' but futile treatment. Protocols should be weighed against prognosis and priorities when the disease is incurable.The first wave of the Covid pandemic saw us facing acute shortages of masks, personal protective equipment, and sanitisers, with even toilet paper disappearing from store shelves. But the Indian small manufacturers seized the opportunity and by the end of last year, we had enough PPE and masks to even export the surplus to other countries. Though we rationed even the lowly surgical masks, people did not hoard or black market any of these. But it gave people the knowledge of what would be required and would be in short supply if the second wave struck. And so started the pandemic profiteering business.This commentary examines the space-attitude-administrative complex of mainstream mental health systems with regard to its responses to decriminalisation of non-heteronormative sexual identities. Even though the Supreme Court, in its 2018 order, instructed governments to disseminate its judgment widely, there has been no such attempt till date. None of the government-run mental health institutions has initiated an LGBTQIA+ rights-based awareness campaign on the judgment, considering that lack of awareness about sexualities in itself remains a critical factor for a non-inclusive environment that forces queer individuals to end their lives. That the State did not come up with any awareness campaign as mandated in the landmark judgment reflects an attitude of queerphobia in the State. Drawing on the concept of "biocommunicability", analysing the public interfaces of state-run mental health institutions, and the responses of mental health systems to the death by suicide of a queer student, I illustrate how mental health institutions function to further anti-LGBTQIA+ sentiments of the state by churning out customer-patients out of structural violence and systemic inequalities, benefitting the mental health economy at the cost of queer citizens on whom curative violence is practised.The Covid-19 pandemic continues to stalk the globe, ever since the first outbreak in December 2019. Variants of concern and fear of subsequent pandemic waves continue to challenge every nation. The virus has caught communities off-guard many times with grave consequences.The present audit was carried out with the objective of evaluating warning letters (WLs) issued to trial sponsors, clinical investigators and institutional review boards (IRBs) by the United States Food and Drug Administration during a six-year period and compare it with two similar earlier audits. WLs were reviewed and classified as per stakeholders and further categorised as per predefined violation themes. The chi-square test was performed for trend analysis of WLs. A total of 62 WLs were issued to the three stakeholders. The maximum number of WLs were issued to the clinical investigators (36/62, 58.06%), followed by sponsors (19/62, 30.64%), and least to the IRBs (7/62, 11.29%). Among sponsors, lack of standard operating procedures for the monitoring, receipt, evaluation and reporting of post-marketing adverse drug events was the most common violation theme (8/19, 42.1%). Among clinical investigators, deviation from investigational plan was the most common violation theme (31/36, 86.11%.). For IRBs, inadequate documentation was the most common violation theme (6/7, 85.71%). We saw an overall reduction in the number of WLs issued to the stakeholders. Thus, we identified multiple areas on which each stakeholder should work for improvement.This study aimed to explore ethical dilemmas and challenges faced by young mental healthcare researchers and professionals working with survivors of suicide (hereinafter suicide survivors). Two focus group discussions (FGDs) Researcher FGD (with those engaged in suicide research) and Clinician FGD (with those providing treatment to suicide survivors) - consisting of open-ended questions and lasting for 70-90 minutes were conducted and analysed using Thematic Analysis. Five themes were identified i) struggling with the incongruity of harm within benefit, ii) difficulty in delineating boundaries, iii) self-doubt in one's professional competence, iv) nature of suicide straining the limits of confidentiality, and v) working with structural limitations. The study helps to understand the obstacles and dilemmas encountered in adhering to ethical principles while working with vulnerable individuals.The editorial by Nikhil Govind in the Indian Journal of Medical Ethics is disturbing because of its epistemological connotations [1]. In this rejoinder, I will not address the merits or demerits of indigenous traditions in medicine, or homeopathy (which, though not an indigenous tradition is part of what is infelicitously called AYUSH - Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy). What I am concerned with here are the questions of knowledge, the scientific method, and its connotations.Over the last three decades, medical councils in India have come under fire for rampant corruption and failure in the governance of medical education and practice. In fact, this journal itself grew out of the disquiet felt by a section of medical professionals at the barefaced corruption they witnessed in electoral practices, when contesting elections to the Maharashtra Medical Council in 1992 [1]. That experience triggered a movement of doctors and non-medical individuals for reform in the governance of healthcare, resulting in the birth of this journal in 1993. This also helped advance the disciplines of bioethics and healthcare ethics and humanities in India.Syntheses and mechanisms of two dinuclear Co-polypyridyl catalysts for the H2 evolution reaction (HER) were reported and compared to their mononuclear analogue (R1). In both catalysts, two di-(2,2'-bipyridin-6-yl)-methanone units were linked by either 2,2'-bipyridin-6,6'-yl or pyrazin-2,5-yl. Complexation with CoII gave dinuclear compounds bridged by pyrazine (C2) or bipyridine (C1). Photocatalytic HER gave turnover numbers (TONs) of up to 20000 (C2) and 7000 (C1) in water. Scutellarin cell line Electrochemically, C1 was similar to the R1, whereas C2 showed electronic coupling between the two Co centers. The E(CoII/I ) split by 360 mV into two separate waves. Proton reduction in DMF was investigated for R1 with [HNEt3 ](BF4 ) by simulation, foot of the wave analysis, and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) with in-line detection of H2 . All methods agreed well with an (E)ECEC mechanism and the first protonation being rate limiting (≈104  m-1  s-1 ). The second reduction was more anodic than the first one. pKa values of around 10 and 7.