Michelsentherkelsen1603
ission.
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Opium and its pyrolysates have been investigated as potential carcinogenic material through several studies in different body systems; however, the results were controversial and no consensus was achieved with this regard. Thus, we aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze all existed evidence regarding association between opium consumption and cancer.
Four major electronic databases including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase along with Magiran and SID were searched thoroughly for all published articles from inception up to September 25, 2020. All studies were appraised critically by Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist. Relevant demographic data and the intended results of the selected studies were extracted and their Odds ratios (OR) were pooled using Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA). The cumulative risk of opium for developing different cancers was calculated.
34 studies comprised of 18,230 individuals were entered in our systematic review and finally 32 publications were enrolled in meta-analysis. Overall, using the random effects model, opium consumption was associated with increased rate of malignancies in both minimally[OR=4.14 95%CI=(3.32-5.15)] and fully adjusted [OR=4.35 95%CI=(3.36-5.62)] analyses. Moreover, using random effects fully adjusted model, the subgroup analysis revealed increased risk for larynx [OR=9.58 95%CI=(6.31-14.53)], respiratory [OR=9.02 95%CI=(6.27-12.96)], head and neck [OR=8•03 95%CI=(4.03-16.00)], and colon [OR=5.58 95%CI=(3.14-9.92)] cancers for opium consumers compared to non-consumers.
Opium consumption is highly associated with all reported types of cancers, especially in fully adjusted model; however, basic pathophysiology should be further investigated.
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Many patients with self-reported food allergy are not allergic but suffer from similar burdens. We aimed to characterize young adults with misconceived food allergy.
A cross-sectional study of individuals (
=12,592) aged 17-18 years, recruited to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) at a single urban-area recruitment center over a six month-period. All participants underwent a comprehensive medical and psychological evaluation. Cognitive tests were performed and a Combined Intellectual-Education score assigned. Setanaxib price Participants who reported food elimination due to allergy were skin-tested and underwent oral food challenges, when indicated. The characteristics, psychological evaluation and cognitive tests of individuals with no reported food allergy (
=12,444), misconceived food allergy (
=64) and true food allergy (
=84) were compared.
The prevalence of atopic co-morbidities was higher in recruits reporting compared to those not reporting food allergy while the rate of other co-morbidities was comparable. Anarch reported in this publication was supported by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps and Directorate of Defense Research & Development, Israeli Ministry of Defense (IMOD DDR&D).
Black populations in the United States are being disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, but the increased mortality burden after accounting for health and other demographic characteristics is not well understood. We examined characteristics of individuals who died from COVID-19 in Michigan by race stratified by their age, sex and comorbidity prevalence to illustrate and understand this disparity in mortality risk.
We evaluate COVID-19 mortality in Michigan by demographic and health characteristics, using individual-level linked death certificate and surveillance data collected by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services from March 16 to October 26, 2020. We identified differences in demographics and comorbidity prevalence across race among individuals who died from COVID-19 and calculated mortality rates by age, sex, race, and number of comorbidities.
Among the 6,065 COVID-19 related deaths in Michigan, Black individuals are experiencing 3·6 times the mortality rate of White i5, and the Notsew Orm Sands Foundation. MCF was supported by NIH grant K01AI141576.
We aimed to establish a new approach for surveillance of cancer prevalence and survival in China, based on the Medical-Insurance-System-based Cancer Surveillance System (MIS-CASS).
We constructed a standard procedure for data collection, cleaning, processing, linkage, verification, analysis, and estimation of cancer prevalence and survival (including both actual observations and model estimates) by conjoint use of medical insurance claims data and all-cause death surveillance data. As a proof-of-principle study, we evaluated the performance of this surveillance approach by estimating the latest prevalence and survival for upper gastrointestinal cancers in Hua County, a high-risk region for oesophageal cancer in China.
In Hua County, the age-standardised relative 5-year survival was 39·2% (male 36·8%; female 43·6%) for oesophageal cancer and 33·3% (male 29·6%; female 43·4%) for stomach cancer. For oesophageal cancer, better survival was observed in patients of 45-64 years compared with national average eeijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project (J200016), and the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority (XXZ0204).
The National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0901404), the National Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China (2019FY101102), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073626), the Taikang Yicai Public Health and Epidemic Control Fund (TKYC-GW-2020), the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project (J200016), and the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority (XXZ0204).
Current epidemiological evidence of post-TB airway disease is largely cross-sectional and derived from high-TB-incidence settings. We present the first cohort study of post-TB airway disease in a low-TB-incidence setting.
(1) analyze the risk of airway disease by respiratory TB, (2) assess potential unmeasured confounding between TB and airway disease, and (3) investigate TB effect measure modification.
A population-based cohort study using healthcare claims data for immigrants to British Columbia (BC), Canada, 1985-2015. Airway disease included chronic airway obstruction, asthma, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and emphysema. Respiratory TB was defined from TB registry data. Cox proportional hazards (PH) regressions were used to analyze time-to-airway disease by respiratory TB. Sensitivity analyses included varying definitions of TB and airway disease. Potential unmeasured confounding by smoking was evaluated by E-value and hybrid least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS).
In our cohort (
=1 005 328; n
=1141) there were 116 840 incident cases of airway disease during our 30-year study period (10.43 per 1,000 person-years of follow-up), with cumulative incidence of 42·5% among respiratory TB patients compared with 11·6% among non-TB controls. The covariate-adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for airway disease by respiratory TB was 2·08 (95% CI 1·91-2·28) with E-value=3·58. The LASSO-hdPS analysis produced aHR=2·26 (95% CI 2·07-2·47).
A twofold higher risk of airway disease was observed among immigrants diagnosed with respiratory TB, compared with non-TB controls, in a low-TB-incidence setting. Unmeasured confounding is unlikely to explain this relationship. Models of post-TB care are needed.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented demand for testing - for diagnosis and prognosis - as well as for investigation into the impact of the disease on the host metabolism. Sebum sampling has the potential to support both needs by looking at what the virus does to us, rather than looking for the virus itself.
In this pilot study, sebum samples were collected from 67 hospitalised patients (30 COVID-19 positive and 37 COVID-19 negative) by gauze swab. Lipidomics analysis was carried out using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, identifying 998 reproducible features. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to the resulting feature set.
Lipid levels were depressed in COVID-19 positive participants, indicative of dyslipidemia;
-values of 0·022 and 0·015 were obtained for triglycerides and ceramides respectively, with effect sizes of 0·44 and 0·57. Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis showed separation of COVID-19 positive and negative participants with sensitivity of 57% and specificity of 68%, improving to 79% and 83% respectively when controlled for confounding comorbidities.
COVID-19 dysregulates many areas of metabolism; in this work we show that the skin lipidome can be added to the list. Given that samples can be provided quickly and painlessly, we conclude that sebum is worthy of future consideration for clinical sampling.
The authors acknowledge funding from the EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account for sample collection and processing, as well as EPSRC Fellowship Funding EP/R031118/1, the University of Surrey and BBSRC BB/T002212/1. Mass Spectrometry was funded under EP/P001440/1.
The authors acknowledge funding from the EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account for sample collection and processing, as well as EPSRC Fellowship Funding EP/R031118/1, the University of Surrey and BBSRC BB/T002212/1. Mass Spectrometry was funded under EP/P001440/1.
Coagulopathies are a major class among COVID-19 associated complications. Although anticoagulants such as unfractionated Heparin and Enoxaparin are both being used for therapeutic mitigation of COVID associated coagulopathy (CAC), differences in their clinical outcomes remain to be investigated.
We analyzed records of 1,113 patients in the Mayo Clinic Electronic Health Record (EHR) database who were admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 between April 4, 2020 and August 31, 2020, including 19 different Mayo Clinic sites in Arizona, Florida, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Among this patient population, we compared cohorts of patients who received different types of anticoagulants, including 441 patients who received unfractionated Heparin and 166 patients who received Enoxaparin. Clinical outcomes at 28 days were compared, and propensity score matching was used to control for potential confounding variables including demographics, comorbidities, ICU status, chronic kidney disease stage, and oxygenation status. Patients with a history of acute kidney injury and patients who received multiple types of anticoagulants were excluded from the study.
We find that COVID-19 patients administered unfractionated Heparin but not Enoxaparin have higher rates of 28-day mortality (risk ratio 4.3; 95% Confidence Interval [C.I.]. [1.8, 10.2];
-value 8.5e-4, Benjamini Hochberg [BH] adjusted
-value 2.1e-3), after controlling for potential confounding factors.
This study emphasizes the need for mechanistically investigating differential modulation of the COVID-associated coagulation cascades by Enoxaparin versus unfractionated Heparin.
This work was supported by Nference, inc.
This work was supported by Nference, inc.
