Michaelsenmedlin6994

The aggregated 1-year mortality irrespective of treatment was 31% (95% CI 25-36%). Within our cohort, induction immunosuppression therapy was associated with a significantly lower 2-year mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.29 [95% CI 0.09-0.93]). The pooled HR by meta-analysis confirmed this with a significant risk reduction for death (HR 0.31 [95% CI 0.16-0.57], I2 = 0%). Treated patients had a lower pooled rate of ESRD, but was not statistically significant (HR 0.71 [95% CI 0.15-3.35]). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that patients ≥75 years with AAV do benefit from induction immunosuppression with a significant survival benefit. Age alone should not be a limiting factor when considering treatment. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.in English, German Einleitung Nüsse zählen zu den Nahrungsbestandteilen, die günstige Auswirkungen auf Biomarker für kardiovaskuläre Krankheiten zu haben scheinen. Es gibt Studien, die Cashewnüssen günstige Effekte auf Serumlipidwerte bescheinigen, doch insgesamt ist die Ergebnislage in der Literatur nicht schlüssig. Daher führten wir eine Literaturanalyse durch, um die Auswirkungen einer Supplementierung von Cashewnüssen auf das Serumlipidprofil zu untersuchen. Methoden Zwei Reviewer durchsuchten unabhängig die elektronischen Datenbanken PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus und EMBASE von deren jeweiligem Anfang bis Juni 2019 ohne Sprachenbeschränkung. Mit Random- und Fixed-Effect-Modellen wurden 95%-Konfidenzintervalle (KI) für die Studien berechnet. Ergebnisse Sechs randomisierte klinische Studien mit insgesamt 531 Teilnehmern wurden in die ­systematische Übersichtsarbeit eingeschlossen. Drei Studien wurden in das Metaanalysemodell eingeschlossen. Es gab keine signifikanten Veränderungen beim Gesamtcholesterin (TC) (standardized mean difference [SMD] –0,02, 95%-KI –0,32, 0,28), bei den Triglyzeriden (TG) (SMD –0,01, 95%-KI –0,22, 0,20), dem an Lipoproteine hoher Dichte gebundenen Cholesterin (HDL-Cholesterin) (SMD 0,09, 95%-KI –0,16, 0,34) oder dem an Lipoproteine geringer Dichte gebundenen Cholesterin (LDL-Cholesterin) (SMD –0,18, 95%-KI –0,75, 0,39). Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse belegen, dass die Supplementierung von Cashewnüssen als alleinige Maßnahme keine signifikante Veränderung der Serumkonzentrationen von LDL-Cholesterin, HDL-Cholesterin, TC oder TG bewirkt.The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rapidly increasing with a projection of becoming the 5th most common cause of years of life lost globally by 2040. Aggravatingly, CKD is a major cause of catastrophic health expenditure. The costs of dialysis and transplantation consume up to 3% of the annual healthcare budget in high-income countries. Crucially, however, the onset and progression of CKD is often preventable. In 2020, the World Kidney Day campaign highlights the importance of preventive interventions - be it primary, secondary or tertiary. This complementing article focuses on outlining and analyzing measures that can be implemented in every country to promote and advance CKD prevention. E-616452 inhibitor Primary prevention of kidney disease should focus on the modification of risk factors and addressing structural abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tracts, as well as exposure to environmental risk factors and nephrotoxins. In persons with pre-existing kidney disease, secondary prevention, including blood pressure optimization and glycemic control, should be the main goal of education and clinical interventions. In patients with advanced CKD, management of co-morbidities such as uremia and cardiovascular disease is a highly recommended preventative intervention to avoid or delay dialysis or kidney transplantation. Political efforts are needed to proliferate the preventive approach. While national policies and strategies for non-communicable diseases might be present in a country, specific policies directed toward education and awareness about CKD screening, management and treatment are often lacking. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase the awareness of the importance of preventive measures throughout populations, professionals and policy makers. © 2020 World Kidney Day 2020 Steering Committee.BACKGROUND Aortic valve weight (AVW), a flow independent measure of aortic stenosis (AS) severity, is reported to have heterogeneous associations with the echocardiographic variables used for AS evaluation. Controversy exists regarding its impact on survival after aortic valve replacement (AVR). OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the association between AVW with echocardiographic measures of AS severity and all-cause mortality after surgical AVR. METHODS One thousand and forty-sixconsecutive patients underwent surgical AVR for AS, the excised valves were weighed, and an echocardiogram was done before surgery. RESULTS Males had heavier valves than females, for both absolute and body surface are (BSA)-indexed values (2.78 ± 1.23 vs. 2.08 ± 0.68 g, p less then 0.001; and 1.38 ± 0.61 vs. 1.19 ± 0.41 g/m2, p less then 0.001, respectively). In a restricted cohort of 634 patients with isolated severe AS and normal ejection fraction, the correlations of AVW with echocardiographic variables of AS were modest, the strongest being with the dimensionless index (r = -0.27 and -0.26 for male and female, both p less then 0.01). Stratified by stroke volume index and mean gradient (MG), no associations were found in the low-gradient groups (i.e., MG less then 40 mmHg). At a median follow-up of 3.5 years, there were only 244 deaths in the entire cohort. Mortality was not related to AVW, except in females who displayed an inverse relationship (HR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.47-0.95) only when it was analyzed as a continuous variable. CONCLUSIONS The weak correlation between AVW with the echocardiographic indices of AS may reflect its complex pathophysiology, heterogeneous hemodynamics, and possible pitfalls in the current echocardiographic methods used in clinical practice. The prognostic value of AVW after AVR warrants further evaluation. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between aqueous flare and macular microvascular status assessed by optic coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in diabetes mellitus. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted on 52 diabetic patients with non-proliferative retinopathy, 44 diabetic patients without retinopathy, and 20 non-diabetic age-matched controls. Spectral domain optic coherence tomography, OCTA, and laser flare-cell meter were performed. RESULTS Compared to eyes without retinopathy, eyes with retinopathy had higher flare intensity (p=0.024), enlarged capillary nonperfusion area (p less then 0.001) and enlarged foveal avascular zone (p less then 0.001). There was a significant correlation between flare intensity and capillary nonperfusion areas (p less then 0.001, r=0.511) and superficial capillary density (p=0.005, r=-0,388) in diabetic eyes with retinopathy. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated a positive correlation between aqueous flare levels, an indicator of intraocular inflammation, and microvascular damage demonstrated by OCTA in the early stages of DR.