Michaelsenbond1861

In most eukaryotes, subtelomeres are dynamic genomic regions populated by multi-copy sequences of different origins, which can promote segmental duplications and chromosomal rearrangements. However, their repetitive nature has complicated the efforts to sequence them, analyse their structure and infer how they evolved. Here, we use recent genome assemblies of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii based on long-read sequencing to comprehensively describe the subtelomere architecture of the 17 chromosomes of this model unicellular green alga. We identify three main repeated elements present at subtelomeres, which we call Sultan, Subtile and Suber, alongside three chromosome extremities with ribosomal DNA as the only identified component of their subtelomeres. The most common architecture, present in 27 out of 34 subtelomeres, is a heterochromatic array of Sultan elements adjacent to the telomere, followed by a transcribed Spacer sequence, a G-rich microsatellite and transposable elements. Sequence similarity analyses suggest that Sultan elements underwent segmental duplications within each subtelomere and rearranged between subtelomeres at a much lower frequency. Analysis of other green algae reveals species-specific repeated elements that are shared across subtelomeres, with an overall organization similar to C. reinhardtii. This work uncovers the complexity and evolution of subtelomere architecture in green algae.

This research aims to develop a laboratory model that can accurately distinguish pneumonia from nonpneumonia in patients with COVID-19 and to identify potential protective factors against lung infection.

We recruited 50 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection with or without pneumonia. We selected candidate predictors through group comparison and punitive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. A stepwise logistic regression model was used to distinguish patients with and without pneumonia. Finally, we used a decision-tree method and randomly selected 50% of the patients 1000 times from the same specimen to verify the effectiveness of the model.

We found that the percentage of eosinophils, a high-fluorescence-reticulocyte ratio, and creatinine had better discriminatory power than other factors. Age and underlying diseases were not significant for discrimination. The model correctly discriminated 77.1% of patients. In the final validation step, we observed that the model had an overall predictive rate of 81.3%.

We developed a laboratory model for COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with mild to moderate symptoms. In the clinical setting, the model will be able to predict and differentiate pneumonia vs nonpneumonia before any lung computed tomography findings. In addition, the percentage of eosinophils, a high-fluorescence-reticulocyte ratio, and creatinine were considered protective factors against lung infection in patients without pneumonia.

We developed a laboratory model for COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with mild to moderate symptoms. In the clinical setting, the model will be able to predict and differentiate pneumonia vs nonpneumonia before any lung computed tomography findings. In addition, the percentage of eosinophils, a high-fluorescence-reticulocyte ratio, and creatinine were considered protective factors against lung infection in patients without pneumonia.

Polygnum hydropiper L (Polygonaceae) is commonly known as smart weed. This study was designed to assess the effect of aqueous methanolic extract of P. hydropiper on oxidative stress and metabolic changes in fructose-induced hypertensive rats.

Male Sprague-Dawely rats were divided into six groups of five animals each (n = 5) and designated as normotensive group with distilled water, fructose-fed group with 10% fructose, standard control group with 10% fructose plus amlodipine (10 mg/kg) and treated groups with different doses of the aqueous methanolic extract of P. hydropiper (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) plus 10% fructose daily for 6 weeks. Body weight gain was checked every week. Blood pressure parameters [systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR)] and reactivity of extract with phenylephrine and adrenaline were measured by invasive method. Metabolic changes and oxidative stress parameters were measured from blood samples. Phytochemical analysis was also performed.

Aqueous methanolic extract of P. hydropiper at 400 mg/kg decreased the blood pressure, heart rate, body weight and produced significant effect on metabolic and oxidative stress changes as compared to fructose-fed group. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids in it.

The present results showed that aqueous methanolic extract of P. hydropiper possesses effect on oxidative stress and metabolic changes due to polyphenols and flavonoids.

The present results showed that aqueous methanolic extract of P. hydropiper possesses effect on oxidative stress and metabolic changes due to polyphenols and flavonoids.

Shift work may impact women more negatively than men due to the increased burden of coping with demanding work schedules while also undertaking more of the domestic chores, including childcare.

To examine whether the combination of shift working and caring for children affects the sleep, fatigue and work-family conflict experienced by women more than it affects men.

Using data from a survey of the Swedish working population, mixed linear regression models examined work schedule (daywork, shift work with nights, shift work without nights), gender and presence of children <13 years at home as predictors of sleep insufficiency, sleep disturbance, fatigue and work-family conflict, over up to three successive measurement occasions. Adjustments were made for age, education, full/part-time working and baseline year.

In fully adjusted models (N = 8938), shift work was associated with insufficient sleep (P < 0.01), disturbed sleep (P < 0.01), fatigue (P < 0.05) and work-family conflict (P < 0.001). Interactions in the analyses of sleep disturbance (P < 0.001) and work-family interference (P < 0.05) indicated that among participants with no children, females reported more disturbed sleep and more work-family conflict than their male counterparts, irrespective of schedule; while among participants with children, female dayworkers reported more disturbed sleep than their male counterparts, and females working shifts without nights reported more work-family interference.

Having young children did not exacerbate negative effects of shift work, in either men or women. This may reflect high levels of gender equality and childcare provision in Sweden.

Having young children did not exacerbate negative effects of shift work, in either men or women. This may reflect high levels of gender equality and childcare provision in Sweden.

This study sought to provide essential tobacco control tools by testing the reliability and validity of new self-report scales developed to assess thirdhand smoke (i.e., toxic tobacco residue) related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior (KABs).

Items for the KAB scales were adapted from established secondhand smoke measures, reviewed to support face validity, and tested in a longitudinal online survey evaluating thirdhand smoke health messages. Participants were California adults at risk of thirdhand smoke exposure. For seven months, the three KAB scales were completed monthly, and data from the first (n=1086), third (n=315), and seventh (n=301) month surveys were used in these analyses.

All three scales demonstrated consistent reliability and single-factor loading at all three timepoints for knowledge (αrange .87-.90), attitude (αrange .84-.87), and behavior (αrange .80-.86). Similarly, analyses supported scale convergent validity (scale correlations rrange .45-.85; all p-values <.001), discriminant e. This information is critical to development, implementation, and evaluation of novel tobacco control strategies.

Numerous scales have been vetted as reliable and valid measures for assessing secondhand smoke-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Currently, standard measures of thirdhand smoke knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors are not available. This study tested three thirdhand smoke scales to fill this gap. The present findings provide tobacco control advocates, scholars, and practitioners tools for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to thirdhand smoke. This information is critical to development, implementation, and evaluation of novel tobacco control strategies.The AR-CALUX® in vitro method is a reporter gene-based transactivation method where endocrine active chemicals with androgenic or anti-androgenic potential can be detected. Its primary purpose is for screening chemicals for further prioritisation and providing mechanistic (endocrine mode of action) information, as defined by the OECD Conceptual Framework for the testing and assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals. This paper describes the conduct and results of an international ring trial with three EU-NETVAL laboratories and the test method developer. It was organised by EURL ECVAM to validate the method by testing 46 chemicals. A very good reproducibility within and between laboratories was concluded (94.7 - 100% and 100% concordance of classification) with low within and between laboratory variability (less than 2.5% CV on EC50 values). Moreover, the variability is within the range of other validated, mechanistically similar methods. In comparison to the AR-reference list compiled by ICCVAM, an almost 100% concordance of classifications was obtained. This method allows the detection of agonist and antagonist properties of a chemical. A specificity control test was developed during the validation study and added to the antagonist assay rendering the assay more specific. A comparison is made with the mechanistically similar methods AR-EcoScreen™ and 22Rv1/MMTV GR-KO TA. The AR-CALUX® method was approved for inclusion in the recently updated OECD test guideline TG458 which incorporates all three methods.Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) is the main vector of most arboviruses in tropical and subtropical urban areas. In West Africa, particularly in Senegal, domestic and wild populations have been described. Both Ae. aegypti aegypti (Aaa) and Ae. aegypti formosus (Aaf) were found in progenies of Ae. Tanzisertib aegypti families from several localities of Senegal. However, nothing is known about their resting and trophic behavior, which are key data for vector control. To fill this gap, blood-fed mosquitoes were collected monthly indoors and outdoors with BackPack aspirators and BG-Sentinel 2 traps between July and November 2019 from four urban sites. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to analyze blood-fed Aaa and Aaf specimens. Both forms were found resting in all investigated places with the highest proportions found in scrap metals (51.7% for Aaa and 44.1% for Aaf) and used tires (19.2% for Aaa and 26.1% for Aaf). Blood-fed Aaf females showed lower occupation of the indoors environment compared to Aaa. Overall, the percentages of single bloodmeals from human were 80.5% (916/1138) for Aaa and 71.1% (263/370) for Aaf. A low frequency of other domestic hosts, including bovine, ovine, and cat were detected for both forms. This study provides the first data on resting and trophic behavior of Aaa and Aaf in Senegal. Both forms showed differences in their resting behavior but fed primarily on human and highlight the risk of arboviruses transmission in urban areas.