Meyerbang6728

Some remote sensing approaches have reached an operational level and are now used for management purposes. Overall, new opportunities will arise with the increased availability of very high-resolution data in understudied or data-scarce regions, for large extents and as time series. To transfer remote sensing approaches to riparian managers, we suggest mutualizing achievements by producting open-access and robust tools. These tools will then have to be adapted to each specific project, in collaboration with managers. A healthy aquatic ecosystem plays an important role in the operation of nature and the survival of human beings. Understanding the mechanism of its interaction with the habitat process is conducive to formulating targeted ecological recovery plans. In this study, fish and macroinvertebrates were collected from 49 investigation sites in the Weihe River basin, China, during periods of the summer and the autumn of 2017. Cluster analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) were used to analyze the similarity of community distribution of fish and macroinvertebrates and their response to environmental variables. The biological integrity index of fish (F-IBI) and benthic-macroinvertebrate (B-IBI) was introduced to evaluate the aquatic ecological health. The results showed that fish communities were more coherent than macroinvertebrate communities. The distinguished response to ecological factors was identified for fish and macroinvertebrates. The ecological factors of total nitrogen, conductivity and river width have significant effects on both fish and macroinvertebrate communities. In addition, the fish community was significantly influenced by chlorine, fluorine, pH and flow velocity, while the macroinvertebrate community was significantly influenced by bicarbonate and water depth. The differences in community structure and response to ecological factors between communities were amplified in their environmental quality scores. Although F-IBI and B-IBI tend to be consistent temporally, the correlation is not significant. B-IBI showed decreasing gradient of ecological health status in the downstream area, while F-IBI tended to be different across river systems, which further illustrated the differences in the response of fish and macroinvertebrates to environmental variables. In all countries, the priority of policymakers is to reduce carbon emissions without reducing economic growth performance. Progress in innovation is one of the main measures that can be used to reduce carbon emissions. It is important to demonstrate the impact of innovation at the sectoral level, in terms of more realistic data on policy measures. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of innovation on carbon emissions on a sectorial basis for fourteen countries in the G20, for the period between 1991 and 2017. The selected countries are Argentina, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mexico, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States for which data is available. The results show that the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is invalid and, in the long-term, innovations did not have a statistically significant effect on the energy sector, transport sector, and other sectors. It was also found that while an increase in innovation in the industrial sector leads to a reduction in carbon emissions, an increase in innovation in the construction sector increases carbon emissions. Therefore, it can be recommended that, in addition to national policies to reduce CO2 emissions, specific policies should be implemented for each sector separately. The differences in consumption levels across different strata of income and income inequality give raise to differences in the effects of income inequality on the level of the consumption-based greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. However, the impact of inequality on consumption-based emissions has been scarcely analysed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test the relationship between income inequality and consumption-based GHG emission per capita by applying the country-level data for 1990-2014. Due to the prevailing economic structures, those relationships may be non-linear and imposition of pre-defined functional relationships in the estimation may induce additional bias. In order to circumvent this issue, the partially linear regression is applied in this paper. The non-parametric part of the regression is applied to examine the linkages between the income inequality and GHG emission per capita, whereas the other controlling variables are included in the linear part of the model. The results indicate a non-liner relationship between income inequality and GHG emission per capita along with a U-shape relationship between GDP per capita and the GHG emission per capita. This suggests tailored environmental policies are required for regions with diverse economic structures. This paper reveals how to achieve the reduction of income inequality and climate change simultaneously. PS-341 solubility dmso This study presents the results of semi-pilot scale anaerobic digestion tests conducted under dry thermophilic conditions with the addition of biochar (6% on fresh mass basis of inoculum), derived from an industrial gasification plant, for determining biogas and biomethane production from organic fraction of municipal solid waste. By using two types of inocula (from a full-scale dry anaerobic digestion plant and from lab-scale biomethanation tests), the obtained experimental results did not show significant increase in methane yield related to the presence of biochar (330.40 NL CH4 kgVS-1 using plant inoculum; 335.41 NL CH4 kgVS-1 using plant inoculum with biochar, 311.78 NL CH4 kgVS-1 using lab-inoculum and 366.43 NL CH4 kgVS-1 using lab-inoculum with biochar), but led to significant changes in the microbial community composition. These results are likely related with the specific biochar physical-chemical features and low adsorption potential. Resulting digestate quality was also investigated biochar-enriched digestates were characterized by increased biological stability (809 ± 264 mg O2 kgVS-1 h-1 vs. 554 ± 76 mg O2 kgVS-1 h-1 for biochar-free and biochar-enriched digestates, respectively), lower heavy metals concentrations (with the exception of Cd), but higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content, with a reported maximum concentration of 8.9 mgPAH kgTS-1 for biochar-enriched digestate derived from AD test with lab-inoculum, which could trigger non-compliance with regulation limits for agricultural reuse of digestates. However, phytotoxicity assessments showed a decreased toxicity of biochar-containing digestates when compared to biochar-free digestates.