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Attention should be paid to endoscopy-related complications and safety-related accidents that may occur in the endoscopy unit. This study investigated the current status of complications associated with diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy in Korea.

A questionnaire survey on endoscopy-related complications was conducted in a total of 50 tertiary or general hospitals in Korea. The results were compared to the population-level claims data from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA), which analyzed endoscopy procedures conducted in 2017 in Korea.

The incidences of bleeding associated with diagnostic and therapeutic esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and with diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy were 0.224% and 3.155% and 0.198% and 0.356%, respectively, in the 2017 HIRA claims data, compared to 0.012% and 1.857%, and 0.024% and 0.717%, in the 50 hospitals surveyed. The incidences of perforation associated with diagnostic and therapeutic EGD and with diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy were 0.023% and 0.613%, and 0.007% and 0.013%, respectively, in the 2017 HIRA claims data compared to 0.001% and 0.325%, and 0.017% and 0.206%, in the 50 hospitals surveyed. In the HIRA claims data, the incidence of bleeding/perforation after diagnostic colonoscopy in clinics, community hospitals, general hospitals, and tertiary hospitals was 0.129%/0.000%, 0.088%/0.004%, 0.262%/0.009%, and 0.479%/0.030% respectively, and the corresponding incidence of bleeding/perforation after therapeutic colonoscopy was 0.258%/0.004%, 0.401%/0.007%, 0.408%/0.024%, and 0.731%/0.055%.

The incidences of complications associated with diagnostic and therapeutic EGD or colonoscopy tended to increase with the hospital volume in Korea.

Clinical Research Information Service Identifier KCT0001728.

Clinical Research Information Service Identifier KCT0001728.Vaping is increasingly popular among the young and adult population. Vaping liquids contained in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are mainly composed of propylene glycol and glycerol, to which nicotine and flavors are added. Among several biological processes, glycerol is a metabolic substrate used for lipid synthesis in fed state as well as glucose synthesis in fasting state. We aimed to investigate the effects of glycerol e-cigarette aerosol exposure on the aspects of glycerol and glucose homeostasis. Adult and young male and female mice were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols with glycerol as vaping liquid using an established whole-body exposure system. Mice were exposed acutely (single 2-h exposure) or chronically (2 h/day, 5 days/week for 9 weeks). Circulating glycerol and glucose levels were assessed and glycerol as well as glucose tolerance tests were performed. The liver was also investigated to assess changes in the histology, lipid content, inflammation, and stress markers. Lung functions were also assessed as well as hepatic mRNA expression of genes controlling the circadian rhythm. Acute exposure to glycerol aerosols generated by an e-cigarette increased circulating glycerol levels in female mice. Increased hepatic triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine concentrations were observed in female mice with no increase in circulating alanine aminotransferase or evidence of inflammation, fibrosis, or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chronic exposure to glycerol e-cigarette aerosols mildly impacted glucose tolerance test in young female and male mice. Fasting glycerol, glucose, and insulin remained unchanged. Increased pulmonary resistance was observed in young male mice. Taken together, this study shows that the glycerol contained in vaping liquids can affect the liver as well as the aspects of glucose and glycerol homeostasis. Additional work is required to translate these observations to humans and determine the biological and potential pathological impacts of these findings.The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays multiple roles in the nervous system, including in neuronal development, in long-term synaptic potentiation in different brain regions, and in neuronal survival. Alterations in these regulatory mechanisms account for several diseases of the nervous system. The synaptic effects of BDNF mediated by activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptors are partly mediated by stimulation of local protein synthesis which is now considered a ubiquitous feature in both presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments of the neuron. The capacity to locally synthesize proteins is of great relevance at several neuronal developmental stages, including during neurite development, synapse formation, and stabilization. The available evidence shows that the effects of BDNF-TrkB signaling on local protein synthesis regulate the structure and function of the developing and mature synapses. While a large number of studies have illustrated a wide range of effects of BDNF on the postsynaptic proteome, a growing number of studies also point to presynaptic effects of the neurotrophin in the local regulation of the protein composition at the presynaptic level. Here, we will review the latest evidence on the role of BDNF in local protein synthesis, comparing the effects on the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments. Additionally, we overview the relevance of BDNF-associated local protein synthesis in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity, at the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments, and their relevance in terms of disease. This article is categorized under RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions Functional Implications RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization.

It is not clearly known whether parity can affect the outcomes of starch reduction in the diet of lactating dairy cows.

A 2 × 2 factorial study was conducted to evaluate the effects of reducing starch in the diets with similar protein and energy contents on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, behaviour and blood metabolites in primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) dairy cows.

Twenty PP cows (DIM=37 ± 10; 40 ± 5kg/day of milk; mean ± SD) and 20 MP cows (DIM=37 ± 9; 48 ± 5kg/day of milk) were used in present study. Treatments were a factorial arrangement of two levels of starch (high vs. low) and two parity categories (PP vs. MP) (1) high-starch diet (29.2% ± 0.70) and PP cows (HS-PP); (2) low-starch diet (22.3% ± 0.52) and PP cows (LS-PP); (3) high-starch diet and MP cows (HS-MP) and (4) low-starch diet and MP cows (LS-MP). All diets were formulated to be similar in crude protein (16.1 % of dry matter) and NEL (1.60 Mcal/kg of dry matter) contents. The amount of metabolisnother interaction effect of parity × starch on back fat thickens (BFT) change in the way that only within PP cows BFT change was greater for HS compared with LS diet.

Overall, regardless of the benefit derived from feeding a reduced-starch diet by partially replacing grains with sugar beet pulp in the diets on nutrient digestibility, a reduced-starch diet may be used more efficiently in PP than in MP cows but at expense of body reserves (i.e. BFT) loses.

Overall, regardless of the benefit derived from feeding a reduced-starch diet by partially replacing grains with sugar beet pulp in the diets on nutrient digestibility, a reduced-starch diet may be used more efficiently in PP than in MP cows but at expense of body reserves (i.e. BFT) loses.

Diabetes is associated with poor clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the impact of newly diagnosed diabetes on prognosis has not been clarified. The objective of this study was to show the features and outcome of COVID-19 patients with newly diagnosed diabetes in Japan.

We retrospectively analyzed 62 patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 between 1 April and 18 August 2021 at the National Center for Global Health and Medicine in Tokyo, Japan. We evaluated the worst severity of COVID-19 and plasma blood glucose levels in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes or pre-existing diabetes.

This study included 62 confirmed COVID-19 patients with diabetes, including 19 (30.6%) patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and 43 (69.4%) patients with pre-existing diabetes. Patients with newly diagnosed diabetes significantly progressed to a critical condition more frequently during hospitalization than patients with pre-existing diabetes (52.6% vs 20.9%, P = 0.018). In addition, patients with newly diagnosed diabetes had significantly higher average plasma blood glucose levels for the first 3 days after admission than those with pre-existing diabetes.

Our study suggests that the proportion of COVID-19 patients who are newly diagnosed with diabetes is high, and they have an increased risk of developing severe disease than those with pre-existing diabetes. It might be advisable that at the point of COVID-19 diagnosis, blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels be assessed in all patients.

Our study suggests that the proportion of COVID-19 patients who are newly diagnosed with diabetes is high, and they have an increased risk of developing severe disease than those with pre-existing diabetes. It might be advisable that at the point of COVID-19 diagnosis, blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels be assessed in all patients.

Verrucous vulvar carcinoma (VC) is an uncommon and distinct histologic subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The available literature on VC is currently limited to case reports and small single institution studies.

The goals of this study were to analyze data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to quantitate the incidence of VC and to investigate the effects of patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment regimens on overall survival (OS) in women with verrucous vulvar carcinoma.

Patients diagnosed with vulvar SCC or VC between the years of 2004 and 2016 were identified in the NCDB. OS was assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. selleckchem Construction of a Cox model compared survival after controlling for confounding variables. The reported incidence of SCC of the vulva has significantly increased since 2004 (p < .0001). In contrast, the incidence of VC has remained stable (p=.344) since 2004. Compared to SCC, VC was significantly more likely to be diagnosed in older women (p < .0001) and treated with surgery alone (p < .0001). However, on propensity score weighted analysis there was a trend toward improved 5-year OS in women with VC compared to those with SCC (63.4% vs. 57.7%, p=.0794). Multivariable Cox survival analysis showed an improvement in OS in VC patients treated with both primary site and regional lymph node surgery compared to primary site surgery alone (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46-0.97, p=.0357).

Verrucous carcinoma is more likely to present in older women. Regional lymph node surgery in addition to primary site surgery significantly improves OS in VC patients.

Verrucous carcinoma is more likely to present in older women. Regional lymph node surgery in addition to primary site surgery significantly improves OS in VC patients.The global prevalence of childhood obesity is high. Obesity main causes are linked to sedentary lifestyles. Increasing physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary activities are recommended to prevent and treat obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 6-month school PA intervention on obesity prevention and healthy behaviors in school-aged children. Participating students (10-11 years of age) were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. Children in the intervention group (n = 80) participated in a multicomponent PA that included improvement in extracurricular physical activities (with an additional 40 min per day for 5/6 days per week). Children (n = 80) in the control group participated in usual practice. Participants had mean body mass index of 19.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2 , and 33.7% of them were overweight or with obesity at T0. The change in body mass index in intervention group (-2.4 ± 0.6 kg/m2 ) was significantly different from that in control group (3.01 ± 1.8 kg/m2 ).