Meltonmckee5900

Responding to highly infectious diseases relies on a thorough understanding of transmission epidemiology. With the recent outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) in Guinea, we saw the need to shed some technical light based on published literature and our field experiences. We reviewed 14 previous MVD outbreaks globally. Coupled with core one - health approaches, we propose a Socio-environmental context, Possible transmission routes, Informing and guiding public health action, Needs in terms of control measures (SPIN) framework as a guiding tool for response teams to appropriately approach future infectious disease outbreaks.

intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global concern not only among adults but also adolescents. It has been reported that 35% of adolescent women have ever experienced IPV - occuring more so in non-industrialized countries. This study sought to understand the correlates associated with experiencing IPV among adolescent women between the ages 15 and 24 in five East African countries Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda.

this was a secondary analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data on adolescent women aged 15-24 years in five East African countries. IPV was measured as a composite variable of emotional, physical, and sexual violence. Other sociodemographic, income, maternal, sexual, knowledge, behavioral, and partner-related variables were included in the analysis.

the prevalence of ever experiencing IPV was 45.1% (n=2380). A higher proportion of women who reported experiencing IPV had their first sexual encounter when they were less than 18 years of age (p<0.001). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of experiencing IPV increased almost two times for women who were aged 18-24 years (aOR 1.7; CI 1.3-2.3), almost four times (aOR 3.8; CI 1.7-8.3) for those who had two or more children, and two-fold for women who had ever terminated a pregnancy compared to those who had not (aOR 2.2; CI 1.0-4.9). Additionally, there was a higher odds (aOR 1.5 (1.0-2.3)) of experiencing IPV if the respondent believed their husband/spouse´s abuse was justified.

raising early awareness and educating both the young males and females appropriately to mitigate contributing factors to IPV could ensure stable, healthy relationships free of domestic violence in the future.

raising early awareness and educating both the young males and females appropriately to mitigate contributing factors to IPV could ensure stable, healthy relationships free of domestic violence in the future.Chronic urticaria is a condition characterized by recurrent wheals associated with itching lasting longer than six weeks. check details The condition tends to run a chronic course with significant morbidity. Several factors have been explored in the cause, yet the aetiology is still uncertain. We documented the clinical profile and assessed the possible aetiologic factors in patients with chronic urticaria. Clinical profile of sixty consecutive patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria was assessed with possible precipitants identified using a structured questionnaire. The complete blood count with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antithyroid peroxidase (antiTPO), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antihepatitis C virus screening (AntiHCV), stool for ova and parasites and helicobacter pylori were carried out. Controls without a history of urticaria were recruited in a 1 1 ratio for stool for parasites and H. pylori because of the high prevalence rates reported in this environment. Data analysis was carried out with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Sixty patients with chronic urticaria and sixty age and sex matched controls were enrolled in the study. Females presented more often with urticaria with a M F ratio of 1 2.5. The mean age of onset of urticaria was in the third decade of life. Precipitants were identified in close to a third of patients. The investigated antigenic aetiology was not found to play a role. The presentation and clinical profile of patients in this environment is similar to previously documented studies. History still remains the cornerstone of management as precipitants and triggers may be identified. link2 Management of patients should therefore be individualized.The possibility of band gap engineering (BGE) in RAlO3 (R = Y, La, Gd, Yb, Lu) perovskites in the context of trap depths of intrinsic point defects was investigated comprehensively using experimental and theoretical approaches. The optical band gap of the materials, E g, was determined via both the absorption measurements in the VUV spectral range and the spectra of recombination luminescence excitation by synchrotron radiation. The experimentally observed effect of E g reduction from ∼8.5 to ∼5.5 eV in RAlO3 perovskites with increasing R3+ ionic radius was confirmed by the DFT electronic structure calculations performed for RMIIIO3 crystals (R = Lu, Y, La; MIII = Al, Ga, In). link3 The possibility of BGE was also proved by the analysis of thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) measured above room temperature for the far-red emitting (Y/Gd/La)AlO3Mn4+ phosphors, which confirmed decreasing of the trap depths in the cation sequence Y → Gd → La. Calculations of the trap depths performed within the super cell approach for a number of intrinsic point defects and their complexes allowed recognizing specific trapping centers that can be responsible for the observed TSL. In particular, the electron traps of 1.33 and 1.43 eV (in YAlO3) were considered to be formed by the energy level of oxygen vacancy (VO) with different arrangement of neighboring YAl and VY, while shallower electron traps of 0.9-1.0 eV were related to the energy level of YAl antisite complexes with neighboring VO or (VO + VY). The effect of the lowering of electron trap depths in RAlO3 was demonstrated for the VO-related level of the (YAl + VO + VY) complex defect for the particular case of La substituting Y.The usual etiologies of giant abdominal cystic masses in infants are mesenteric cyst, enteric duplication cyst, ovarian cyst in females, cystic lymphangioma, however, the presentation of a choledochal cyst in a gigantic form, is unusual. The primary modality for diagnosis of this entity is ultrasound, followed by MRI. The characteristic ultrasound features of a choledochal cyst are a well-defined cystic lesion which may be found to replace any segment of the biliary tree and is distinctly separate from the gallbladder. The associated anomalies are biliary atresia, gallbladder atresia, hepatic fibrosis and those of the pancreatico-biliary ductal system. MRI with MRCP has a conclusive role in confirming the ultrasound diagnosis. Choledochal cysts are currently classified as proposed by Todani et al, into five types. Herein, we report the case study of a 4-month-old male infant afflicted with a gigantic, Type1 Choledochal cyst, complicated by perforation, which was diagnosed by us at the first instance itself, using ultrasound examination and confirmed by MRI. The diagnosis was further confirmed at surgery and histopathology. The recommended treatment of cyst resection accompanied by a hepatico-jejunostomy bypass procedure, was successfully performed in the reported infant.Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an inherited, multisystemic, hamartomatous neurocutaneous disorder, with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. It affects multiple organs, however the most susceptible ones include the brain, skin, kidneys, lungs, the retina, and the heart. TSC is characterized by considerable clinical heterogeneity. The majority of patients present with a constellation of clinical signs and symptoms, most prominently central nervous system manifestations including epilepsy, cognitive impairment and autism spectrum disorders, cutaneous, cardiac, renal and ophthalmic manifestations. Epilepsy affects 70% - 90% of patients, representing the primary neurological feature and 1 of the foremost clinical findings of the disorder. Cardiac rhabdomyomas are the most frequent cardiac manifestations, appearing as isolated or multiple lesions. Herein, we present 2 patients diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis. A 3-month-old male patient with cardiac rhabdomyomas and hypopigmented macules and a 19-month-old male patient with partial epilepsy and mild psychomotor retardation. As brain lesions represent some of the most prevalent clinical features and early onset seizures are associated with more severe cognitive, function delay, through this article we hope to emphasize the potential role MRI can play in the diagnostic workup of TSC, to ensure a more timely diagnosis, thus modifying the natural course of the disorder and its prognosis.Primary intraosseous synovial sarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy that occurs primarily in young adults. We present a case of a primary intraosseous synovial sarcoma of the right distal ulna in a 19-year-old female. It has a propensity to mimic other radiologic and pathologic diagnosis. Histopathology after a surgical excisional biopsy with a wide margin plus adjunct radio and chemotherapy are necessary to improve prognosis.Mucopolysaccharidosis type IV or Morquio Syndrome, is a lysosomal deposit disease, of autosomal recessive inheritance with a similar incidence in men and women. The clinical picture is of variable expressiveness, its phenotype is characterized by skeletal dysplasia that includes neck and short trunk, short stature, keel thorax, kyphosis, scoliosis, genus valgus, flat foot, coxa valga, gait disorders, instability of the cervical spine and wedge or ovoid vertebrae. The treatment is symptomatic, with enzyme replacement. We present a series of 5 cases, the product of 2 couples, with a confirmed diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis type IV, and different clinical presentation.Most pleural masses are metastatic tumors from other locations; however, some tumors arise primarily from the pleura, albeit rare. Both primary and metastatic pleural tumors may present similar radiological features, which could lead to a misdiagnosis. We aimed to report a fifty-one-year-old Indonesian male with a lung adenocarcinoma mimicking a primary pleural tumor.Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arising from the rectum are rare. We report the case of an aggressive rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in a 60-year-old female that presented for symptoms of constipation and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Upon rectal examination, a hard mass was found at 6cm from the anal marge. An MRI was indicated that shows a well-demarcated lesion originates from the distal rectum with exophytic growth and central necrosis. The diagnosis of rectal gist was confirmed by colonoscopy with biopsy and immunohistochemical analyses of bioptic material. Liver metastases were seen on computerized tomography (CT). She was referred for palliative chemotherapy. The patient had suffered from intestinal obstruction three weeks after his initial presentation and passed away shortly thereafter. We aimed to report this case as an aggressive and rare GIST localization.It obtains infrequently hemodynamic images of patients undergoing impending cardiac arrest. Heart pump failure causes blood stasis in the venous system and organs, which is demonstrated on imaging by the deposition and layering of contrast in the veins. We present a case of a multi-trauma patient undergoing imminent cardiac arrest during computed tomography scan under sedation. Signs of early cardiac arrest were immediately found during the examination, including contrast pooling in the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins, poor opacification of the left heart chambers and the aorta. Fortunately, the patient was quickly resuscitated, and his heart pump returned to normal. Although cardiac arrest on computed tomography scan is extremely rare, detecting imaging signs of this situation helps patients receive timely resuscitation and better survival.