Melgaardpuckett5421
Cold temperature activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to induce bone loss by altering bone remodeling. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is influenced by the SNS in cold environments. Many studies have confirmed a positive relationship between BAT volume and bone mass, but the influence and mechanism of BAT on bone in vivo and in vitro is still unknown. Two-month-old C57/BL6j male mice were exposed to cold temperature (4°C) to induce BAT generation. BAT volume, bone remodeling and microstructure were assessed after 1 day, 14 days and 28 days of cold exposure. CTX-1, P1NP and IL-6 levels were detected in the serum by ELISA. To determine the effect of BAT on osteoclasts and osteoblasts in vitro, brown adipocyte conditional medium (BAT CM) was collected and added to the differentiation medium of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Micro-CT results showed that the bone volume fraction (BV/TV, %) significantly decreased after 14 days of exposure to cold temperature but recovered after 28 days. Double labeling and TRAP staining in vivo showed that bone remodeling was altered during cold exposure. BAT volume enlarged after 14 days of cold stimulation, and IL-6 increased. find more BAT CM promoted BMSC mineralization by increasing osteocalcin (Ocn), RUNX family transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (Alp) expression, while bone absorption was inhibited by BAT CM. In conclusion, restoration of bone volume after cold exposure may be attributed to enlarged BAT. BAT has a beneficial effect on bone mass by facilitating osteogenesis and suppressing osteoclastogenesis.Childhood obesity is a serious public health problem. Childhood obesity and overweight are associated with the appearance of coordination deficit disorder and can cause impaired motor performance. We searched online databases for all related articles using comprehensive international databases from the Medline PubMed Institute, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO up to December 20, 2020. Overall, 33 studies were included in this systematic review. The present review demonstrated that children with higher percentage of body fat had lower levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity, as well as decreased levels of gross motor coordination, as shown by tests for neuromuscular performance. These results corroborate the hypothesis that overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are associated, not only with insufficient performance during gross motor coordination activities, but also with a greater risk to physical health.
[https//www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42020182935].
[https//www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42020182935].
This study aimed to explore the relationship between short-term (≤12 months) changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hemoglobin A
(HbA
) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
A total of 2,599 patients with T2D were enrolled if they were registered in the Diabetes Sharecare Information System, were aged 18-75 years, and had 2-3 HbA
and eGFR measurements within the preceding 12 months. The studied patients were categorized into five groups based on eGFR, i.e., the relatively stable (RS), fast decline (FD), modest decline (MD), modest increase (MI), and fast increase (FI) groups.
The median eGFR changes from baseline were -22.14, -6.44, 0.00, 6.32, and 20.00 ml/min per 1.73 m
for patients in the FD, MD, RS, MI, and FI groups, respectively. Up to 1,153 (44.4%) subjects experienced an eGFR decline of ≥3.5 ml/min per 1.73 m
, including 821 (31.6%) FD subjects and 332 (12.8%) MD subjects. A decreased trend was found between the eGFR change and HbA
decrease category, even aften. Sustained monitoring and cautious interpretation of the HbA1c and eGFR changes will be needed in clinical practice.
Prolactinoma is the most common type of pituitary tumors, and its resultant tumor occupying and hormone disturbance greatly damage the health of patients. In this study, we investigated a protein kinase-PDZ Binding Kinase (PBK)/T-LAK Cell-Originated Protein Kinase (TOPK) as a candidate protein regulating prolactin (PRL) secretion and tumor growth of prolactinomas.
Downloaded prolactinoma transcriptome dataset from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal pituitary tissues and prolactinoma tissues. Then, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the hub genes were identified. After a literature search, TOPK was presumed as an candidate target regulating the prolactinoma. We found a specific inhibitor of TOPK to investigate its effects on the proliferation, migration, apoptosis and PRL secretion of pituitary tumor cells. Finally, the regulation of TOPK inhibitor on its downstream target-p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (p38 MAPK) was detected to explore the potential mechanism.
A total of 361 DEGs were identified, and 20 hub genes were screened out. TOPK inhibitor HI-TOPK-032 could suppress the proliferation & migration and induce apoptosis of pituitary tumor cells
, and reduce PRL secretion and tumor growth
. HI-TOPK-032 also inhibited the phosphorylation level of the downstream target p38 MAPK, suggesting that TOPK inhibitors regulate the development of prolactinoma by mediating p38 MAPK.
Our study of identification and functional validation of TOPK suggests that this candidate can be a promising molecular target for prolactinoma treatment.
Our study of identification and functional validation of TOPK suggests that this candidate can be a promising molecular target for prolactinoma treatment.Today's modalities for short-term monitoring of EEG are primarily meant for supporting clinical diagnosis of epilepsy or classifying seizures and interictal epileptiform discharges while long-term EEG adds the value of differential diagnosis investigation or pre-surgical evaluation. However, longitudinal epilepsy care relies on patient diaries, which is known to be unreliable for most patients and especially those with focal impaired awareness or nocturnal seizures. The subcutaneous ultra long-term EEG (ULT-EEG) systems alleviate those issue by enabling objective, continuous EEG monitoring for days, weeks, months, or years. Albeit a great advance in continuous EEG over extended periods, it comes with the caveat of limited spatial resolution of two channels. Therefore, the new subcutaneous EEG modality may be especially suited for a selected group of patients. We convened a panel of experienced epileptologists to consider the utility of a subcutaneous, two-channel ULT-EEG device with the goal of developing a consensus-based expert recommendation on selecting the optimal patient types for this investigative technique. The ideal patients to select for this type of monitoring would have focal impaired awareness seizures without predominant motor features and seizures with medium to high voltage patterns. As this technology matures and we learn more about its limitations and benefits we might find a wider array of use case scenarios as it is believed that the benefits for many patients are most likely to outweigh the risks and cost.
We aimed to explore the alteration of circulating lymphocyte subsets before and after tacrolimus (TAC) therapy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and its correlation with clinical outcomes.
Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-ab)-positive patients with NMOSD treated with TAC were followed and clinically evaluated at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months after initiation of TAC. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the proportion of various whole blood lymphocyte subsets at every time point. Correlation analysis was further performed to explore the association between annualized relapse rate (ARR), the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, and the proportion of circulating lymphocyte subsets before and after TAC therapy.
A total of 13 eligible patients with NMOSD were included. The proportion of CD19
CD24
CD38
/CD19
and CD19
CD5
CD1d
/CD19
lymphocyte subsets increased significantly after TAC therapy (
= 0.010 and
< 0.001). The proportion of CD19
BAFFR
, CD19
IFN-γ
, and CD19
IL-10
subsets decreased significantly after TAC therapy (
= 0.015, 0.018, and 0.042, respectively). There was a negative correlation between CD4
CD25
subset and EDSS score (
= 0.016,
= -0.652).
Possibly through increasing regulatory B and suppressing BAFFR
B and interferon (IFN)-γ
B subsets, TAC could decrease relapse. EDSS score may be correlated with some lymphocyte subsets after TAC therapy.
Possibly through increasing regulatory B and suppressing BAFFR+ B and interferon (IFN)-γ+ B subsets, TAC could decrease relapse. EDSS score may be correlated with some lymphocyte subsets after TAC therapy.
Previous studies have shown that subthalamic nucleus (STN) and unilateral globus pallidus interna (GPi) are similarly effective in the deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment of motor symptoms. However, the counterintuitively more common clinical application of STN DBS makes us hypothesize that STN is superior to GPi in the treatment of motor symptoms.
In this prospective, double-blind, randomized crossover study, idiopathic PD patients treated with combined unilateral STN and contralateral GPi DBS (STN in one brain hemisphere and GPi in the other) for 2 to 3 years were enrolled. The MDS UPDRS-III total score and subscale scores for axial and bilateral limb symptoms were assessed preoperatively and at 2- to 3-year follow-up in four randomized, double-blinded conditions (1) Med-STN+GPi-, (2) Med-STN-GPi+, (3) Med+STN+GPi-, and (4) Med+STN-GPi+.
Eight patients had completed 30 trials of assessment. Compared with the preoperative Med- state, in the Med-STN+GPi- condition, the cardinal symptoms in both sidesalateral side.
The objective of this study was to identify the morphological and hemodynamic factors associated with the rupture of multiple intracranial aneurysms regardless of patient-related factors and establish a statistical model for aneurysm rupture risk assessment.
The digital subtraction angiography (DSA) data of 104 mirror intracranial aneurysms in 52 consecutive patients were retrospectively analyzed in this study. 21 morphological parameters and hemodynamic parameters were calculated by 3-dimensional reconstruction and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Significant differences (
< 0.05) between the two groups were subsequently tested with the multivariate logistic regression to identify the independent risk factors. A prediction model was established based on the independent risk factors. The receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) were generated to estimate the prediction performance. A cohort of patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms admitted in our institute from January 2021 to urysm with high rupture risk.
MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is increasingly being used to treat patients with essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) with thalamotomy and pallidotomy, respectively. Pallidotomy is performed off-center within the cranium compared to thalamotomy and may present challenges to therapeutic lesioning due to this location. However, the impact of target location on treatment efficiency and ability to create therapeutic lesions has not been studied. This study aimed to compare the physical efficiency of MRgFUS thalamotomy and pallidotomy.
Treatment characteristics were compared between patients treated with thalamotomy (
= 20) or pallidotomy (
= 20), matched by skull density ratios (SDR). Aspects of treatment efficiency were compared between these groups. Demographic and comparative statistics were conducted to assess these differences. Acoustic field simulations were performed to compare and validate the simulated temperature profile for VIM and GPi ablation.
Lower SDR values were associated with greater energy requirement for thalamotomy (R
= 0.
