Melchiorsenburnham4291

•With the competitor of your choice, the method provides specific information about the competitive binding between DNA/RNA and binding proteins. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Isolation of germinal vesicle (GV) or metaphase I (MI) oocytes from large antral follicles, using a 30 gauge needle, in mice is a common method for the retrieval of immature oocytes from ovaries. However, this method depends entirely on the experience and judgment of the investigator. It is possible that not all of the isolated immature oocytes are from large antral follicles nor necessarily represent the cohort of oocytes that would be perfectly developed and consequently ovulated upon hormonal stimulation. Here, we administered an FDA approved phosphodiesterase 3A inhibitor, named cilostazol, in superovulated mice to result in the ovulation of GV or MI oocytes, depending on time and frequency of administration. The presented method results in mice ovulating GV or MI oocytes, which can be recovered from the oviduct without the investigator's judgment mentioned above. This method does not only result in immature oocytes with high yield, health, synchronized maturation, and competence levels but also is time and labor efficient. It also permits for physiological selections of a cohort of immature oocytes that would be entirely developed and eventually ovulated, as opposed to the conventional method.•Complete superovulation•Administration of cilostazol at different times•Recovery of ovulated immature oocytes from oviducts. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Patients with surgical menopause often present to their primary care provider with menopausal symptoms. Here we present an unusual case of palmar arch artery occlusion in a 55-year-old woman with primary Raynaud's disease taking oral combined menopausal hormone therapy after surgical menopause for endometriosis. She was successfully treated with intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1 and nitroglycerin patches over two weeks. Menopausal hormone therapy was stopped and her vasomotor symptoms did not recur. © 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.In order to answer the question whether coronaviruses (CoVs) can be transmitted via foods, this review made a comparison between CoVs with the most recognized foodborne virus, human noroviruses (NoVs). As a result, although CoVs indeed have shown the possibilities to remain infectious on foods and/or food packaging materials long enough (from several days to several weeks) to potentially cause transmission, they seem to be less persistent than NoVs towards common disinfection practices with alcohols, chlorine and ultraviolet (UV). More importantly, the chance of foodborne transmission of CoVs is considered low as CoVs mainly spread through the respiratory tract and there is no clear evidence showing CoVs can follow fecal-oral routes like human NoVs and other foodborne viruses. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an integrative vertebrate model ideal for toxicity studies. The zebrafish genome is sequenced with detailed characterization of all life stages. With their genetic similarity to humans, zebrafish models are established to study biological processes including development and disease mechanisms for translation to human health. The zebrafish genome, similar to other eukaryotic organisms, contains microRNAs (miRNAs) which function along with other epigenetic mechanisms to regulate gene expression. Studies have now established that exposure to toxins and xenobiotics can change miRNA expression profiles resulting in various physiological and behavioral alterations. In this review, we cover the intersection of miRNA alterations from toxin or xenobiotic exposure with a focus on studies using the zebrafish model system to identify miRNA mechanisms regulating toxicity. Studies to date have addressed exposures to toxins, particulate matter and nanoparticles, various environmental contaminants including pesticides, ethanol, and pharmaceuticals. Current limitations of the completed studies and future directions for this research area are discussed. © 2020 The Authors.Pesticide formulations typically contain adjuvants added to enhance the performance of the active ingredient. Adjuvants may modify the bioavailability and toxicity of pesticides. In this study, the aim was to examine to which degree nonylphenol (NP) may interfere with the toxicity of two organophosphorus pesticides found in aquafeeds, chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPM) and pirimiphos-methyl (PPM). Atlantic salmon liver cells were exposed to these compounds singly or in combinations for 48 h using 3D cell cultures. Cytotoxicity, gene expression (RT-qPCR), and lipidomics endpoints were used to assess toxicity. The dose-response assessment showed that NP was the most toxic compound at equimolar concentrations (100 μM). Shotgun lipidomics pointed to a general pattern of elevated levels of saturated 180 fatty acids and declined levels of 181 monounsaturated fatty acids by the combined treatment. All three compounds had a distinct effect on membrane phospholipids, in particular on phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Lipid species patterns predicted inhibited stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) activity and increased Δ6 desaturase (D6D) activity in co-treated cells. While all three compounds alone mitigated increased triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, combined treatment resulted in lower total TAG in the cells. Multivariate analysis with PLS regression showed significant combined effects for nine genes (d5d, d6d, scd, srebf2, vtg, esr1, cyp1, ugt1a, and cat) and four lipid species (FFA 225, LPC 180, TAG521-FA160, and TAG521-FA180). In summary, this study demonstrates that the adjuvant can be the main contributor to the toxicity of a mixture of two organophosphorus pesticides with relatively low toxicity in fish cells. © 2020 The Authors.Background Postoperative limitations in the range of motion (ROM) after TKA may occur occasionally and restrict a patient's ADL. Although ROM exercise is a means of increasing the ROM after TKA, the optimal time of initiating ROM exercise is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine different initiation timings of postoperative ROM exercises after TKA and to compare the results in terms of postoperative pain, swelling, and ROM improvement to determine the optimal time of initiating ROM exercises following TKA. Methods This was a prospective, single-center, single-blinded randomized controlled trial involving 109 patients scheduled for unilateral TKA. All patients underwent the physiotherapist assisted passive and active same rehabilitation program that only differed in the starting time of ROM exercise on postoperative day 1 or day 7. Postoperative assessment was performed with all attending personnel blinded to group assignment. Visual analog scale (VAS) of pain, ROM, thigh swelling, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and adverse outcomes were compared between groups on postoperative days within 2 years after surgery. Results VAS scores during the postoperative period from 18 to 72 h were significantly lower in the group with starting time of ROM exercise on postoperative day 1. The ROM, laboratory data, thigh girth, WOMAC and the incidence of complications did not differ between the two groups at any postoperative time-point. Conclusions The results of this study suggested that ROM exercises beginning in the early postoperative stage are advantageous in reducing the postoperative pain after TKA. © 2020 Asia Pacific Knee, Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Society. Published by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd.Fluoroscopic retrograde urethrogram (RUG) is the current gold standard to define urethral strictures, however, sonourethrography (SU) has been shown to be effective in this setting as well. Some advantages of SU include more accurate measurement of stricture length, lack of radiation, and ability to assess soft tissue surrounding strictures to help guide operative management. Phleomycin D1 Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an evolving imaging modality with increasing clinical utility in both pediatric and adult patient populations. We present a unique case in which contrast enhanced sonourethrography (CESU) was used to further characterize a urethral stricture intraoperatively to aid in surgical decision making. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc.Interpretation of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for prostate cancer diagnosis and staging can be challenging and, in some cases, benign prostate disease can mimic locally advanced malignancy. We present the case of a 57 year-old male with biopsy-proven Gleason 3 + 4 prostate cancer and a preoperative mpMRI showing extraprostatic extension who was later found to have infiltrating malakoplakia on final surgical pathology. This case highlights the importance of recognizing that malakoplakia of the prostate can present as a PI-RADS 5 lesion with extracapsular extension on mpMRI. Such cases can result in wide-excision, non-nerve sparing radical prostatectomies that may be unwarranted. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc.A failed end-to-end anastomosis after membranous urethral distraction injury post-trauma is a surgical challenge. We present a case of a young man after complex pelvic injury. Revision urethroplasty was done utilizing nerve and vessel sparing techniques. Intrasphincteric dissection enabled bulbous urethral pull-through with intrapelvic anastomosis with good success. Low dose tadalafil was given to optimize penile rehabilitation. © 2020 The Authors.Ureteric calculi are a common cause of emergency presentation to hospitals in the United Kingdom and worldwide. A significant and life threatening complication of those stones that obstruct the ureter is pyonephrosis, bacteraemia and resulting sepsis. Whilst the majority of such cases present with the typical symptoms of loin pain and fever, here we describe the case of a 57 year old patient with asymptomatic bilateral obstructing ureteric calculi that led to bacteraemia from a rare bacterial pathogen, Lactobacillus jensenii, and subsequent severe bacterial endocarditis requiring emergency aortic valve replacement. © 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc.Intra-scrotal schwannoma is a rare neoplasm and a few reports were describing this entity in the literature and mostly difficult to be diagnosed pre operatively(1) We recently treated a case of intra-scrotal extra-testicular schwannoma which was discovered in a patient with history of painless scrotal lesion for 5 years. paratesticular lesion excision was done which was result as schwannoma tissue. follow up with US scrotum was unremarkable for the patient. surgical excision will provide diagnostic and therapeutic goals. Even tough recurrence is rare a urologist should take care to ensure complete surgical resection. © 2020 The Authors.Objective Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), the only approved therapy for infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD), had heterogeneous clinical effects due to factors such as severity, age at first treatment, dosage, and dosing regimens. We report the clinical and biochemical outcomes of a cohort of IOPD patients identified through newborn screening, and evaluating the dosage effect. Study design A retrospective observational study was designed to describe the long-term clinical and biochemical outcomes of a uniform cohort of IOPD patients who have been treated with high-dosage of ERT. Results Twenty-eight patients received alglucosidase alpha at either the labeled dosage followed by a high dosage (n = 23) or a high dosage exclusively (n = 5). At a median age of 8.3 years (0.8-17.3), 15 patients were walkers, 8 were weak walkers, and 5 were nonwalkers. The three groups exhibited a significant difference in the age of gross motor decline (p  less then  .001). In patients with classical IOPD diagnosed through newborn screening, those late in ERT initiation (p = .