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59 (1.08-2.33), National Institute of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS), 1.29 (1.16-1.42) for each 5units rise and white cell count 1.07 (1.01-1.13) for each 10^3 mm

rise. Factors associated with PSS in ischemic were NIHSS score, aOR of 1.17 (1.04-1.31) and infarct volume of 10-30cm

aOR of 2.17(1.37-3.45). Among ICH, associated factors were alcohol use 5.91 (2.11-16.55) and lobar bleeds 2.22 (1.03-4.82).

The burden of PSS among this sample of west Africans is substantial and may contribute to poor outcomes of stroke in this region. Further longitudinal studies are required to understand the impact on morbidity and mortality arising from PSS in Africa.

The burden of PSS among this sample of west Africans is substantial and may contribute to poor outcomes of stroke in this region. Further longitudinal studies are required to understand the impact on morbidity and mortality arising from PSS in Africa.

Atrial remodeling due to high-burden atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with cardioembolic stroke (CES). As not all CESs is caused by AF, we analyzed the diagnostic values of each echocardiographic parameter to distinguish likely AF-related CES in acute stroke patients while in non-AF rhythm.

The data of consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke in sinus rhythm between 2012 and 2015 were obtained. The echocardiographic parameters of patients with CES due to underlying AF (n=61) and control patients (n=319) with either large artery atherosclerosis or small-vessel occlusion were compared using receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic regression analyses. Each parameter was reassessed in acute stroke patients through a validation study using the same database with different periods of generalization.

CES patients with underlying AF showed a significantly larger left atrial volume index (LAVi), higher mitral inflow E wave (E), and lower A wave (A) than the controls. The area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval) for diagnosing CES due to underlying AF was significantly higher for LAVi/A than for LAVi (0.785 versus 0.696, P<0.01). Among patients aged >60years, the E/A ratio had the highest AUC (0.857) of the parameters. The cut-off values were≥0.70 (sensitivity, 55.7%; specificity, 90.9%) and≥0.82 (sensitivity, 71.4%; specificity, 84.1%) for LAVi/A and the E/A ratio, respectively, in patients >60years. The cut-off values of all parameters showed similar trends in a validation study.

LAVi/A is a useful indicator for distinguishing CES patients with underlying AF regardless of age, and the E/A ratio is reliable among patients aged >60years in evaluation during acute stroke admission.

60 years in evaluation during acute stroke admission.

Although an inverse correlation between smoking and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported, research into the effect of smoking on current clinical progression remains limited for PD patients. Elucidation of a specific PD population who would benefit from smoking is challenging.

We evaluated 110 consecutive PD patients (mean age; 71.0±8.0years) at a single neurology clinic between 2010 and 2018. The association with smoking status was evaluated in sex- and age-matched controls (non-PD). This study assessed the impact of previous smoking exposure on the outcome of current PD-related parameters, along with any confounders, in addition to assessing fluctuation of parkinsonism induced by smoking exposure.

The current smoking rate was significantly lower in PD versus non-PD (5.5% vs. 15.5%, P=0.026), while there were similar rates between former and never smokers. Among the former smokers, most PD patients (97.3%) quit smoking prior to the onset of PD. There were no differences between PD patients with audy. However, the possibility that current nicotine intake might modify the parkinsonism deterioration will need to be further evaluated, especially in non-elderly patients. Cigarette smoke-related negative mood could be a confounder for quitting smoking in PD patients.Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune disorder causing inflammatory demyelination of peripheral nerves and consecutive disability. Diagnostic criteria and treatments are well established, but it is unknown how clinical practice may differ in different geographical regions. In this multicentre study, clinical management of CIDP was compared in 44 patients from Germany, India and Norway regarding diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. All centres used EFNS/PNS diagnostic criteria for CIDP but diagnostic workup varied regarding screening for infectious diseases, genetic testing and nerve biopsy. Intravenous immunoglobulin and prednisolone were the most common therapies in all centres with differences in indication and dosage. Patients from the Indian cohort were the most severely affected with less diverse therapeutic approaches, whereas psychological strain did not differ significantly from the two other cohorts. check details Our exploratory study discloses an unaddressed issue in management of CIDP that should be further investigated to optimise standard of care for CIDP worldwide.Older adults are considered to decide their driving behaviors based their own assessment of their driving performance, and thus it is important that these self-assessments be accurate. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify how older drivers assess their driving performance and examine factors related to the level of inaccuracy in their self-assessments. Japanese drivers aged 70 years or older (N = 181) were asked to assess their own driving performance by questionnaire and then to drive on a public road while wearing an electronic device that measured their actual driving behaviors. They were accompanied by a driving instructor who sat in the passenger seat and assessed their driving performance. The results showed that older drivers' self-assessments were significantly higher than the experts' assessments of their driving performance. This tendency applied to all driving competencies, including overall rating, speed, and scanning. In addition, there were greater discrepancies between self-assessments and expert assessments for drivers who were rated poorly by experts compared with those who were highly rated.