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Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase-1 is the target of mycophenolate mofetil. This research investigated the association between the gene polymorphism of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase-1 and effectiveness of mycophenolate mofetil therapy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients.

Fifty-nine neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients accepted Mycophenolate Mofetil therapy for 1 year at least were divided into two groups relapsing (n=21) and non-relapsing (n=38). Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs rs2228075, rs2278294, rs2288550, and rs3793165) in the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase-1 gene were detected. Then we analyzed the allelic frequencies and the genotypes of SNPs in two groups.

The allelic frequency of rs2278294 distributed differently between the relapse and non-relapsing patients (P=0.03), while no significant difference found in rs2228075, rs2288550 and rs3793165 between two groups. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/act001-dmamcl.html The genotypes C/C, C/T and T/T of rs2278294 (P=0.031) also distributed differently between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis (adjusted by optic neuritis) showed that compared to the wild genotype C/C, C/T genotype had a 9-fold protection against relapse (OR=0.111 (0.022-0.548)), and T/T genotype had a 6.7-fold protection against relapse (OR=0.149 (0.026-0.854)).

Our study provides preliminary evidence that the genotype of rs2278294 is associated with the response of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients to mycophenolate mofetil therapy. And compared to wild allelic C, the mutation to T tended to respond better to MMF.

Our study provides preliminary evidence that the genotype of rs2278294 is associated with the response of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients to mycophenolate mofetil therapy. And compared to wild allelic C, the mutation to T tended to respond better to MMF.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing neuroinflammatory disease associated with aquaporin-4 antibody. Since disabilities in patients with NMOSD accumulate with attacks, relapse prevention is crucially important for improving long-term outcomes. Corticosteroids are inexpensive and promising drugs for relapse prevention in NMOSD, but few studies have analysed the efficacy of corticosteroids in NMOSD, especially regarding the appropriate dosing and tapering regimens.

A single-center, retrospective analysis of corticosteroid therapy in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD patients fulfilling the 2015 international consensus diagnostic criteria was conducted.

Medical records of a total of 89 Japanese patients with aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD seen at Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Hospital (2000~2016) were reviewed. At the last follow-up, 66% of the patients were treated with prednisolone (PSL) monotherapy, and the percentage of those receiving PSL monotherapy or a cin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD if the doses are gradually reduced. Although it is important to have a treatment strategy tailored to each patient, this study provides evidence that PSL monotherapy can be an option for relapse prevention in some patients with NMOSD.In this paper, quantum and molecular mechanics are used to study the quantum effects of fine scaling on the buckling strength of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as well as the effects of changes in length, diameter, chirality, wall number and length-to-diameter ratio of the structure under torsional loading. To this end, the total potential energy of the system is calculated with the consideration of both bond stretching and bond angular variations. The density functional theory (DFT) along with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) function is used to obtain the relevant elastic constants of the nanotubes. The study shows that the quantum effects of fine scaling cause more buckling strength of the structure against external torsional loadings. Also, with any longitudinal change as well as the changes in the structural arrangement that reduce the quantum effects of fine scaling, the strength of the structure decreases sharply.It is an emerging trend to develop synthetic ammonia via nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR) by using simple, economical and efficient catalysts under mild conditions. Due to the intrinsic rich-functional groups of the surface, its versatile tailorability and the true stability among all the two-dimensional materials, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is drawing a rising attention of researchers to the NRR application. However, due to the hydrophobicity of C and hydrophilicity of oxygen-containing groups of rGO, the interface dynamics between rGO surface and N2 and H2O molecules, which are two basic precursors for catalytic NRR are still unclear up to date. Herein, we propose to explore this problem by constructing a hierarchical model for rGO-N2/H2O interface interaction and conducting molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at ambient conditions. We find a way to tune the function groups to maximize the adsorption of N2 and H2O molecules at the same time. H2O molecules are more likely to form hydrogen bonds with oxygen-containing groups of rGO in the near range. While in the remote region, N2 molecules tend to form non-bonding interactions with pure C atoms without oxygen-containing groups of rGO. These results will provide theoretical guidance for NRR based on rGO and rGO based materials.Cross-dehydrogenative Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between readily-available alkyl benzenes and electron-deficient dienophiles is an attractive synthetic route to access carbocyclic compounds which have high utility in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. This work reports a study at the M06-2X/6-311G(d) and M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory on the reaction of alkyl benzenes with electron-deficient dienophiles in the presence of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as an oxidant and hydroquinone as an activator, so as to understand the chemoselectivity of the reaction (addition across the alkene functionality versus the ketone functionality), the role of the activator, the effects of substituents and the effect of solvent on the reaction. The results show the addition of the alkene bonds of methylstyrene across the alkene functionality of the electron-deficient dienophiles has generally low barriers compared to the addition across the carbonyl functionality of the electron-deficient dienophile.