Meierisaksen7896

The presence of microplastic particles from five different beach locations (Arabian Sea coast) in the Indian state of Karnataka was assessed. The sieving and density separation method was modified to enhance the yield of microplastics. Three different techniques were used to characterize isolated microplastics, such as optical fluorescence microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and FESEM-EDX. Microplastic concentrations ranged from 264 ± 62 n/kg to 1002 ± 174 n/kg of dry sand in beach sediments, and the average abundance of the five beaches was 664 ± 114 n/kg. The majority of the microplastics were fragmented, less then 1 mm in size, white and transparent in color. FESEM images of microplastics show the roughness, cracks, mechanical and oxidative weathering, indicating their continuous exposure in the environment. EDX spectra provide the presence of various elements on the microplastic surface.High nutrient loading discharge into the oceans is an evolving threat to the marine biota at large, including the Bay of Bengal (BoB) which receives one of the highest inflows of nutrient fluxes from rivers like the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. Further, the complex riverine and deltaic formations are difficult to be quantified, hence satellite-based observation of chlorophyll and phytoplankton species can add more insight in the nutrient aggregation process. We evaluated the spatial sensitive zones in the BoB in terms of anthropogenic nutrients. Our study shows that coccolithophore population and chlorophyll a concentration can be an active indicator of flood mediated nutrient inflow into the oceans. SST illustrated weaker correlation with phytoplankton species during the monsoon owing to prevalence of cyclonic conditions and high nutrient concentration, however, the relationship is relatively stronger during the pre-monsoon when more stable oligotrophic conditions exist. Higher concentration of diatoms, cyanobacteria and chlorophytes in BOB compared to the Pacific Ocean indicates the ecological sensitivity and the resilience of the Bay of Bengal in terms of nutrient cycling.The present work has studied the incidence and type of micro (1-5 mm), meso (5-25 mm) and macroplastics (>25 mm) that have reached Arenas Blancas beach, located in the north coast of El Hierro island, in the Canary Islands (Spain), from October 2019 to May 2020 (13 sampling dates with 3 sampling points each). Taking into consideration the three studied plastic debris fractions (macro, meso and microplastics), a total of 9206 items were found, which had a total weight of 1169.7 g and a concentration of 891.3 ± 91.5 items/m2 (118.3 ± 17.8 g/m2 and 2.3 ± 0.4 g/L). Regarding their colour, most of them were transparent/white/clear, especially in the microplastic fraction in which they accounted for a 68% of the total. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy of meso and microplastic fractions indicated that most of the particles were either polypropylene and polyethylene followed by polystyrene in a much lower amount. In general, the total amount of plastic debris that arrives to the beach by the persistent oceanic current pattern linked to the easternmost branch of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre is comparable to those of the most contaminated beaches of the Canary Islands archipelago, suggesting that a new hotspot of plastic debris arrival has been found.Sensitive biomes, such as coastal ecosystems, have become increasingly susceptible to environmental impacts caused by oil logistics and storing, which, although more efficient nowadays, still cause spills. Thus, bioremediation techniques attract attention owing to their low impact on the environment. Among petroleum-based compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known for their potential impact and persistence in the environment. Therefore, PAH bioremediation is notably a technique capable of reducing these polluting compounds in the environment. However, there is a lack of understanding of microbial growth process conditions, leading to a less efficient choice of bioremediation methods. This article provides a review of the bioremediation processes in mangroves contaminated with oils and PAHs and an overview of some physicochemical and biological factors. Special attention was given to the lack of approach regarding experiments that have been conducted in situ and that considered the predominance of the anaerobic condition of mangroves.Coracias benghalensis, commonly known as Indian Roller, a subtropical seasonally breeding bird native to Prayagraj (25° 28' N, 81° 54' E), U.P., India, exhibits a specific rolling behavior (an ornate sexual display) to attract the female for courtship. We hypothesized that the emergence of the seasonal rolling behavior of C. benghalensis would coincide with seasonal neuronal morphology changes in the dorsomedial hippocampus (DMH) area of the hippocampal complex (HCC). selleck chemical To test this hypothesis, the present study aimed to reveal qualitative and quantitative changes in neuronal plasticity in various neuronal classes of DMH across the breeding (pre-breeding and breeding) and the non-breeding (quiescent and regression) phases of the reproductive cycle of C. benghalensis. Plasticity in the morphology of four neuronal types (unipolar, bipolar, pyramidal, and multipolar) in the DMH area of HCC during the breeding and the non-breeding phases was characterized by using Golgi-Colonnier staining for identification and characterization of neuronal morphology. As compared to the quiescent phase, a significant increase of soma diameter, dendritic field, dendritic thickness, length of spine neck, spine head diameter, number of visible spines, and spine density in all four types of neurons was observed during the breeding phase. In contrast, significant decreases were observed during the bird's non-breeding phase compared to the breeding phase. This study concludes that during the breeding phase of C. benghalensis, neuronal arborization was substantially increased in DMH, suggesting an enhanced capability for circuit plasticity possibly underlying rolling behavior. Our study establishes seasonal plasticity in DMH and will serve as a novel model for future studies investigating the molecular, physiological, and cellular mechanisms underlying complex, yet stereotyped, sensorimotor behavior.