Medeirossuarez7338

r OT. Copyright © 2020 Xu, Zheng, Yin, Xu, Tian, Zhang, Wang and Ma.Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea represents an important clinical entity that is being observed with increasing prevalence, ranging from 14 to 55%. Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea is associated with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), which is rarely stopped without surgical intervention. Endoscopic endonasal repair is typically warranted for CSF rhinorrhea. However, the recurrence rate of CSF leaks after the endoscopic endonasal repair of skull base defects due to ICP is usually high. We describe a 25-year-old man without a history of head injury, tumor, or obesity. The onset of his symptoms occurred in 1 week in the form of a persistent clear left nostril rhinorrhea. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance images (MRI) showed signs of CSF in the left sphenoidal sinus, meningocele in the left frontal sinus, empty sella, hydrocephalus, and Chiari I malformation (CIM). Cine-MRI revealed the flow of CSF was obstructed at the aqueduct and the outlet of the fourth ventricle. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) was performed for the patient with obstructive hydrocephalus. Post-operative CSF pressure measurement demonstrated elevated ICP. The patient still had case of CSF rhinorrhea, and subsequently underwent lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) for treatment of ICP. The patient showed a prompt resolution of CSF leak. Ten months later, the patient showed a significant improvement in terms of his herniated tonsil and cessation of CSF rhinorrhea. Copyright © 2020 Tang, Zhu, Feng, Yang, Cong, Cai, Qiao and Ma.Objective Previous studies have shown that combing with color properties may be used as part of the display presented to BCI users in order to improve performance. Build on this, we explored the effects of combinations of face stimuli with three primary colors (RGB) on BCI performance which is assessed by classification accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR). Furthermore, we analyzed the waveforms of three patterns. Methods We compared three patterns in which semitransparent face is overlaid three primary colors as stimuli red semitransparent face (RSF), green semitransparent face (GSF), and blue semitransparent face (BSF). Bayesian linear discriminant analysis (BLDA) was used to construct the individual classifier model. In addition, a Repeated-measures ANOVA (RM-ANOVA) and Bonferroni correction were chosen for statistical analysis. Results The results indicated that the RSF pattern achieved the highest online averaged accuracy with 93.89%, followed by the GSF pattern with 87.78%, while the lowest performance was caused by the BSF pattern with an accuracy of 81.39%. Furthermore, significant differences in classification accuracy and ITR were found between RSF and GSF (p less then 0.05) and between RSF and BSF patterns (p less then 0.05). Conclusion The semitransparent faces colored red (RSF) pattern yielded the best performance of the three patterns. The proposed patterns based on ERP-BCI system have a clinically significant impact by increasing communication speed and accuracy of the P300-speller for patients with severe motor impairment. Copyright © 2020 Li, Jin, Daly, Zuo, Wang and Cichocki.Background Sleep disturbance is common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but the exploration of its neural underpinnings is limited by subjective sleep measurement and single-modality neuroimaging analyses. Methods Ninety six patients with MDD underwent polysomnography examinations and multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. According to sleep efficiency, patients were subdivided into well-matched normal sleep efficiency (NSE, N = 42; 14 men; aged 43 ± 10 years) and low sleep efficiency (LSE, N = 54; 23 men; aged 45 ± 12 years) groups. Inter-group differences in brain structure and function were examined by applying voxel-based morphometry (VBM), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity strength (FCS), and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approaches to structural, functional, and diffusion MRI data, respectively. Results There was no significant difference in gray matter volume (GMV) between the NSE and LSE groups. Compared with the NSE group, the LSE group showed increased axial diffusivity in the left superior and posterior corona radiata, and left posterior limb and retrolenticular part of internal capsule. In addition, the LSE group exhibited decreased ReHo in the bilateral lingual gyri and right postcentral gyrus yet increased FCS in the left angular gyrus relative to the NSE group. Moreover, validation analyses revealed that these results remained after adjusting for the medication effect. Conclusion Our data indicate that preserved gray matter morphology, impaired white matter integrity, and decreased local synchronization degree yet increased FCS are specific to low SE in MDD patients. These findings of disassociation between structural and functional alterations might provide insights into the neural mechanisms of sleep disturbance in depression. Copyright © 2020 Yang, Zhu, Zhang, Zhang, Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Zhu and Yu.When food is presented at a specific time of day subjects develop intense locomotor behavior before food presentation, termed food anticipatory activity (FAA). Dactinomycin price Metabolic and hormonal parameters, as well as neural structures also shift their rhythm according to mealtime. Food-entrained activity rhythms are thought to be driven by a distributed system of central and peripheral oscillators sensitive to food cues, but it is not well understood how they are organized for the expression of FAA. The hormone Oxytocin plays an important role in food intake, satiety and homeostatic glucose metabolism and although it is recognized that food is the main cue for food entrainment this hormone has not been implicated in FAA. Here we investigated the activity of oxytocinergic (OTergic) cells of the hypothalamus in relation to the timing of feeding in rabbit pups, a natural model of food entrainment. We found that OTergic cells of the supraoptic nucleus and the main body of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are activated after feeding which suggests that OT may be an entraining signal for food synchronization.