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The findings obtained in this study showed that right before the outbreak, healthcare professionals were concerned and stressed about the inadequacy of protective measures and the possibility of transmission, although they were ready for the outbreak in the professional sense.

In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate whether 0 Hz-Static and 50 Hz-Electric fields have an effect on bone healing.

In this study, 45 male Wistar-Albino rats were equally and randomly separated into three groups as follows a 0 Hz-Static electric field (SEF), a 50-Hz low-frequency electric field (LFEF) and a control group. A manual fracture was performed in the left tibia diaphysis of all rats, and fractures were fixed using circular plaster over the knee. The LFEF group was exposed to 50 Hz electric field for 30 minutes a day, five days a week, for a total of eight weeks. The SEF group was exposed to 0 Hz electric field within the same time interval. The control group was held in identical environmental conditions, without exposure to electric field. Periodic radiographs were taken from all the animals. At the end of this study, rats were sacrificed and mechanical/histopathologic examinations were performed.

Radiologic, mechanical and histologic scores of the LFEF group were lower than those of the SEF and control groups; however, no significant difference was found in group comparisons in terms of average histologic and radiologic scores (p>0.05).

Results extracted from the current study suggest that 0-hz static and 50-hz electric field exposures affect bone healing tissue of tibial fracture models in rats, although it is not significant.

Results extracted from the current study suggest that 0-hz static and 50-hz electric field exposures affect bone healing tissue of tibial fracture models in rats, although it is not significant.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a health problem that has increasing importance in society. In the literature, many studies about an audition in patients with OSAS are present. In this study, the effects of hypoxia on an audition that develop during the apnea attacks in OSAS were investigated experimentally.

This study was conducted in Inonu University Audiology Laboratory after the approval of Inonu University Faculty of Medicine Experimental Animal Research Ethics Committee (Protocol Number 2011/A-102). In this study, 15 Wistar albino rats with a weight of 250-300 g were used. Anesthesia was performed by 40 mg/kg Ketamine and 5 mg/kg Xylazine through intramuscular administration. The processes were applied in the silence. This study involved 15 rats with normal auditory functions. Only tracheotomy was performed in the control group. Auditory assays were administered with otoacoustic emission (DP gram) before and after the process. In hypoxia group, hypoxia was created by making apnea attacks that lasted at least 10 seconds after the tracheotomy process. Auditory assays using DP gram were performed before tracheotomy and during hypoxia in the hypoxia group.

In the control group, statistically significant values were not found. In the hypoxia group, statistically significant differences were detected in high frequencies.

In conclusion, cochlear reply decreased in high frequencies during hypoxia that was created by apnea attacks.

In conclusion, cochlear reply decreased in high frequencies during hypoxia that was created by apnea attacks.Convalescent plasma therapy has been used successfully in the past to treat respiratory infections. In SARS-CoV-2, there was initially strong evidence in favor of convalescent plasma therapy from a large observational study but the evidence from recent randomized controlled trials has been mixed. However, two of those studies provided convalescent plasma therapy on average 8 days after diagnosis despite earlier data proving that the therapy is most effective when given within 3 days of diagnosis. Another more recent randomized controlled trial found evidence in support of convalescent plasma therapy and we believe that it is no coincidence that they administered convalescent plasma therapy within 3 days of symptom onset. We call for more robustly planned randomized controlled studies to further reliably determine the efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy against SARS-CoV-2. Progress has been made with developing a vaccine but there is likely to be a substantial lag in widespread administration of the vaccine, especially in poorer countries. We therefore propose that patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection should be considered for early ambulatory administration of high-dose convalescent plasma in order to reduce the burden of severe SARS-CoV-2 disease.Coronary pulmonary artery fistula (CPAF) is a rare entity in the population. It may present with multiple clinical settings and in various age ranges. Invasive coronary angiography (ICA), coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) have been reported as diagnostic tools for CPAF. Among them, TTE is rarely capable of identifying CPAF. There is no current treatment guideline as some of the interventional therapies are effective yet controversial. The therapy therefore should be individualized. We report a case of CPAF accidentally detected by TTE in a 93-year-old female who presented with acute respiratory distress on the setting of community-acquired pneumonia, diastolic heart failure, ischemic heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. The patient presented with orthopnea, fever, bilateral pleuritic chest pain, and productive cough with yellowish sputum for 7 days. She had no previous chest trauma or surgical intervention. TTE demonstrated the tortuous enlargement of left coronary artery which drains into the pulmonary arterial trunk right above the pulmonary valve. As the patient was in advanced age with multiple comorbidities; we offered a conservative management including diuretic, oxygen therapy, antibiotic, antiplatelet, and statin. She recovered following a 13-day hospitalization. Hygromycin B To our knowledge, this is the oldest case report of suspected congenital CPAF which is particularly detected by TTE.