Mcphersondwyer1282
s Both dynamin I and II are expressed in GLUTag cells. The dynamin activator Ryngo 1-23 evoked significant GLP-1 and PYY release from human colonic mucosae while the dynamin inhibitor Dynole 3-42 significantly inhibited release triggered by known L cell secretagogues. Thus, the cell signaling regulator dynamin is able to bi-directionally regulate L cell hormone secretion in the human gut and may represent a novel target for gastrointestinal-targeted metabolic drug development.Our previous study revealed that G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-30 (GPR30) agonist G1 serves as a viable alternative neuroprotectant of 17β-estradiol (E2) to attenuate neuroinflammation and improve cognitive function after global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Aromatase, the key enzyme of E2 biosynthesis, is widely expressed in animal and human brain, and its expression and activity are mediated by selective estrogen receptor modulators. In the present study, we explored the long-term protective and reparative effects of G1 in ovariectomized rats after GCI. We used the aromatase inhibitor letrozole to elucidate whether G1 and brain-derived E2 together induce beneficial effects. Our results showed that G1 administration for 28 days a) significantly increased neurogenesis in the hippocampal sub-granular zone and CA1 regions; b) declined CA1 neuronal impairment in a long-term fashion; c) enhanced expression of synaptic proteins and cognitive function; d) and prevented reactive astrocytes loss, wherein aromatase and brain-derived estrogen levels were markedly increased. Additionally, expression and activation of transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were increased in CA1 astrocytes of G1-treated animals. Letrozole abolished all of the observed benefits of G1. Our results suggest that GPR30 activation mediates long-term neuroprotection and neurogenesis in the hippocampus following GCI, with potential mechanism coupling with the activation of astroglial aromatase-STAT3 signaling.Risk for colorectal cancer (CRC) is increased in adults with poor diet quality, low socioeconomic status, and increased body mass index (BMI). Cooked meats contain high contents of mutagenic compounds related to CRC risk. check details To explore differences in meat-based carcinogen exposure, a 99-item Qualtrics survey was issued to 1648 US adults. Average monthly serving size, degree of doneness, and cooking methods of meat products were obtained. The National Cancer Institute CHARRED database was used to quantify exposure to HCAs, PAHs, and Ames Predicted and Estimated mutagenicity. Questions from validated instruments assessed food security status (FSS) and demographic variables, while height and weight were self-reported to calculate BMI. Sex, FSS and obesity status (BMI > 30 kg/m2) were compared using two-sample t-tests and multivariate regression models to determine differences in meat intake and carcinogen exposure. Statistical significance was set at P less then 0.05. Eight hundred fifty-six valid responses (57.4% female and 81.8% white) were obtained. Non-obese males consumed more white meat and were exposed to greater amounts of 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline. Food insecure and obese females consumed more red meat and had higher exposure rates of several carcinogens. Pan-frying and BBQ were the primary sources of meat-derived carcinogens. Greater disparities in carcinogen exposure were observed in females regarding BMI and FSS. Public health messages to modify meat cooking methods may be most effective for CRC prevention.
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. is a typical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) collected in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (version 2015). It has been traditionally used for the treatment of constipation, and its potential therapeutic activities have been widely evaluated, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. The wide application of Aloe vera in food and therapy has raised safety issues and there are multiple safety assessments with a diverse toxicity and adverse effects from clinics and animals.
This study aimed to investigate the safety of Aloe vera barbadensis extract C (AVBEC) in rats and analyze its anticancer activity in cell lines.
We administrated AVBEC orally in an acute toxicity study and a 6-month chronic toxicity study to observe and confirm its safety in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Additionally, we explored the cytotoxicity of AVBEC in cancer cells and non-cancer cells. We further investigated the anti-tumor activity of AVBEC, and in the meantimgulating cancer cell apoptosis via modulating the mitochondrial metabolism and imply a possible application of AVBEC for the treatment of malignant cancer with the safety evaluation from rats and anticancer investigation from cancer cells and non-cancer cells.
These results reveal a novel mechanism of aloe gel extract in regulating cancer cell apoptosis via modulating the mitochondrial metabolism and imply a possible application of AVBEC for the treatment of malignant cancer with the safety evaluation from rats and anticancer investigation from cancer cells and non-cancer cells.
In the countryside, there are some limitations with the use of venom antisera to manage snake bites. Due to poor access to healthcare and as a result of the difficulty in receiving treatment for cases of snake bites, most rural people in Ghana, a West African country, rely on plant medicine as a first aid to manage cases of venomous snakebite. This calls for more research into the species of plants used to medically manage snakebite envenomation.
This review sought to present plants that are used in managing snakebite cases and also gather data supporting their use.
This is a systematic search and review of information obtained from textbooks and databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect between January 1975 and August 2020.
A search done identified 43 plant species and these were found to belong to 25 taxonomic families with the most frequent ones being, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae, and Solanaceae. Experimental data gathered indicate that among the many plants identified to be used to manage snakebites, only 5 were found with anti-venom in vitro and in vivo evidence-based data.
Data collated hint that a few plant species identified namely Anacardium occidentale, Euphorbia hirta, Mimosa pudica, Musa paradisiaca and Mangifera indica, work by targeting diverse physiopathological and biochemical processes involved in the clinical manifestations of snakebites. This review has also unearthed knowledge gaps that can form the basis for broad investigations and development of these and other medicinal plants into useful anti-venom medications.
Data collated hint that a few plant species identified namely Anacardium occidentale, Euphorbia hirta, Mimosa pudica, Musa paradisiaca and Mangifera indica, work by targeting diverse physiopathological and biochemical processes involved in the clinical manifestations of snakebites. This review has also unearthed knowledge gaps that can form the basis for broad investigations and development of these and other medicinal plants into useful anti-venom medications.
Curcumae Radix (Yujin) has a long medicinal use history in China, which is used to cure diseases like jaundice, cholelithiasis caused by dampness-heat of gallbladder and liver, and so on. It comes from the dried tuberous roots of C. kwangsiensis (Guiyujin), C. longa (Huangyujin), C. phaeocaulis (Lvyujin) and C. wenyujin (Wenyujin). Though there are differences in chemical compositions and pharmacological activities among the four species of Yujin, they have not been differentiated well in clinical application due to their similar morphological characterizations.
In this study, the four species of Yujin were rapidly and accurately discriminated. The potential volatile markers for varietal recognition were identified.
Attenuated total reflection fourier transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used to rapidly discriminate the four species of Yujin. Headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) technology coupled with chemometrics was employed to characterize and clinical efficacy.
The present study developed reliable methods for the varietal discrimination and volatile compounds characterization of Yujin, which will provide references for its quality control and clinical efficacy.Gestational exposure to methylmercury disrupts dopamine-mediated behavior and produces heightened sensitivity to monoamine agonists later in life. This has been reported and replicated following both pre- and post-natal exposure. Impacts of methylmercury when exposure occurs during the sensitive period of adolescence, a key period of dopaminergic development, remain underexplored. There have been variable results thus far in studies investigating links between adolescent exposure to methylmercury and alterations in executive function and altered sensitivity to monoamine agonists. The current study was designed to investigate adolescent exposure by exposing male mice to 0, 0.3, or 3 ppm methylmercury during adolescence and training them in a hybrid task to assess two executive functions, attention and memory, in adulthood. Behavior in these animals was probed with a range of doses of the dopamine agonist, d-amphetamine, and the norepinephrine agonist, desipramine. Attention and memory in these mice were sensitive to disruption by d-amphetamine and interacted with methylmercury exposure. Choice latencies were also longer in the MeHg-exposed mice. Desipramine did not affect behavior in these animals nor did it interact with methylmercury. It is concluded that methylmercury-related inhibition of behavior observed in this study were differentially sensitive to acute disruption in dopamine, but not norepinephrine, neurotransmission.
To evaluate systematically the evidence about the failure rates of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) restored with intraradicular metal posts (MPs) or fiber posts (FPs).
The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020189792). Eligibility criteria included randomized clinical trials (RCT) and prospective clinical trials (PCT) that compared the failures between FP and MP restorations for ETT. Meta-analyses were conducted for failure rates using fixed- and random-effects models. Subgroup and funnel plot analyses were performed.
Four electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library), manual, and grey literature were screened by two researchers independently for articles published until November 2020 without language or time restrictions. For the analysis of the risk of bias, the Cochrane collaboration tool and ROBINS-I were used. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using GRADE.
Ten studies were included. A total of 704 participants with a mean age of 42.lts indicate that both retainer posts can be considered an adequate alternative in restoring ETT. Therefore, the choice of post (fiber or metal) could be based on dentist preference or individual characteristics of the patient as the failure rates for different posts are similar.
Our results indicate that both retainer posts can be considered an adequate alternative in restoring ETT. Therefore, the choice of post (fiber or metal) could be based on dentist preference or individual characteristics of the patient as the failure rates for different posts are similar.
