Mcnultymccarty5790

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic in human and veterinary clinic, as well as an abuse drug that acts on several neurotransmitter systems. The use of alternative animal models, such as zebrafish, is emerging to study the effects of drugs on neurobehavioral responses. Here, we evaluated the effects of ketamine on memory consolidation (acute protocol), as well as on anxiety-, aggressive-like behavior, and whole-body cortisol levels in adult zebrafish after a repeated exposure. For the acute protocol, fish were tested in the inhibitory avoidance task (training and testing with a 24-hour interval). Immediately after the training session, fish were exposed to ketamine (0, 2, 20, or 40 mg/L) for 20 min. The exploratory activity was also measured 24 h after acute exposure to exclude the influence of impaired locomotion on memory performance. For the repeated exposure, animals were exposed to the same concentrations of ketamine for 20 min (7 days). After the last exposure (24 h later), anxiety- and aggression-like behaviors were quantified in the novel tank and mirror-induced aggression tests, respectively, as well as whole-body cortisol levels measurements were performed. The highest ketamine concentration tested (40 mg/L) acutely induced a slight memory impairment in the inhibitory avoidance task without changing locomotion and anxiety-like behaviors. Although locomotion, anxiety-, aggressive-like behaviors, and whole-body cortisol levels did not change after repeated exposure, 40 mg/L ketamine increased circling behavior. Overall, our data reinforce that ketamine acutely affects multiple behavioral domains in zebrafish, in which repeated ketamine exposure elicits stereotyped behavior, without changing locomotion, aggression, and anxiety/stress-related parameters.The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is essential for ingestive behavior but has primarily been studied in modulating feeding, with comparatively scant attention on drinking. This is partly because most LHA neurons simultaneously promote feeding and drinking, suggesting that ingestive behaviors track together. A notable exception are LHA neurons expressing neurotensin (LHANts neurons) activating these neurons promotes water intake but modestly restrains feeding. Here we investigated the connectivity of LHANts neurons, their necessity and sufficiency for drinking and feeding, and how timing and resource availability influence their modulation of these behaviors. LHANts neurons project broadly throughout the brain, including to the lateral preoptic area (LPO), a brain region implicated in modulating drinking behavior. LHANts neurons also receive inputs from brain regions implicated in sensing hydration and energy status. While activation of LHANts neurons is not required to maintain homeostatic water or food intake, it selectively promotes drinking during the light cycle, when ingestive drive is low. Activating LHANts neurons during this period also increases willingness to work for water or palatable fluids, regardless of their caloric content. By contrast, LHANts neuronal activation during the dark cycle does not promote drinking, but suppresses feeding during this time. Finally, we demonstrate that the activation of the LHANts → LPO projection is sufficient to mediate drinking behavior, but does not suppress feeding as observed after generally activating all LHANts neurons. Overall, our work suggests how and when LHANts neurons oppositely modulate ingestive behaviors.

The effect of nutrition on inflammation and breast cancer (BC) prognosis is still inconclusive. Mechanism of data suggests that different types of fatty acids (FAs) play an essential role in carcinogenesis, and binding of alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT) may modulate carcinogenesis. The increased expression in the bound form of A1AT and release of Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) targets the gene of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). Our aim of the study was to compare the effect of FA-free (A1AT-0) and FAs bound forms of A1AT on levels of IL-1β, PPAR-gamma, and Angplt4 in breast cancer and control women.

10 women with breast cancer and ten control women within the age group 25-60 years with normal (Pi) M allele A1AT were recruited. Mononuclear cells were isolated and treated with different A1AT and FAs on the various combinations (linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid) for time-dependent study (2,4,18 and 24h) and analyzed for the interleukin -1 beta(IL-1b), PPAR-gamma, and AngiopoiePPAR γand Angptl4 activation, thereby inhibiting the IL-1b. These findings may be worth assessing BC's biological effects and therapeutic effectiveness.

To the best of our knowledge, it's the first kind of study, and we speculate that the A1AT complex with different types of FAs results in a new form of A1AT having a solid capability to regulate the inflammation-induced synthesis, processing, and release of an active form of IL-1β. Our experimental data shows that the anti-inflammatory property of A1AT combined FAs likely to be mediated PPAR γand Angptl4 activation, thereby inhibiting the IL-1b. These findings may be worth assessing BC's biological effects and therapeutic effectiveness.

To examine device-measured physical activity levels and sedentary behavior participation during different times of the day (ie, morning, midday, and evening) in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) who differed in fatigue status.

Cross-sectional survey.

Remote survey study managed by a university-based research laboratory.

A population-based sample of 1000 participants with MS were sent recruitment materials by the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis and 218 participants completed all relevant outcomes (N=218).

Not applicable.

Participants (N=218) completed the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) as a measure of fatigue severity and were divided into subgroups of fatigued (FSS score ≥4) and nonfatigued (FSS score <4). Participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ on the nondominant hip for 7 days to measure physical activity (ie, light physical activity [LPA], moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA], steps) and sedentary behavior.

Fatigued participants engaged in less MVPA (F[1216]=1 focus on increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior among adults with MS who have fatigue.George Daicoff was a true pioneer who excelled in patient care, research, teaching, and advocacy; he performed cardiac surgery on thousands. He trained at Mayo Clinic under the tutelage of John Kirklin in 1966. He served on the faculty at University of Florida from 1967 to 1977 and became Chief of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at University of Florida. He then served as Chief of Cardiovascular Surgery at All Children's Hospital from 1977 to 1998. In 1972, he was one of 13 founding members of the Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society (CHSS), and in 1973, he was one of 10 surgeons to attend the first meeting of CHSS. Dr Daicoff won the 1970 Southern Thoracic Surgical Association President's Award for best scientific paper, and the 1996 Southern Thoracic Surgical Association Osler Abbot Award. In 2015, the Southern Thoracic Surgical Association Congenital Heart Surgery President's Award was named the George Daicoff Award.Intraoperative open aortoscopy is a new emerging technique in hybrid aortic arch surgery using hybrid open stent grafts for frozen elephant trunk operation. It is performed on a detumescent open aortic arch during the period of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. It aids in operative planning and choice of open stent graft and confirms proper deployment and distal seal prior to resumption of circulation.Demand exists for a nicotine oxidase enzyme with high catalytic efficiency for a variety of applications including the in vivo detection of nicotine, therapeutic enzymatic blockade of nicotine from the CNS, and inactivation of toxic industrial wastes generated in the manufacture of tobacco products. Nicotine oxidase enzymes identified to date suffer from low efficiency, exhibiting either a high kcat or low Km, but not both. Here we present the crystal structure of the (S)-6-hydroxy-nicotine oxidase from Shinella sp HZN7 (NctB), an enzyme that oxidizes (S)-nicotine with a high kcat (>1 s-1), that possesses remarkable structural and sequence similarity to an enzyme with a nanomolar Km for (S)-nicotine, the (S)-nicotine oxidase from Pseudomonas putidia strain S16 (NicA2). Based on a comparison of our NctB structure and the previously published crystal structure of NicA2, we successfully employed a rational design approach to increase the rate of oxidative turnover of the NicA2 enzyme by ∼25% (0.011 s-1 to 0.014 s-1), and reduce the Km of the NctB protein by approximately 34% (940 μM-622 μM). While modest, these results are a step towards engineering a nicotine oxidase with kinetic parameters that fulfill the functional requirements of biosensing, waste remediation, and therapeutic applications.Haemotrophic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas) are unculturable, epicellular, cell wall-less gram-negative bacteria distributed worldwide, which infect several mammalian species. In dogs, Mycoplasma haemocanis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum' have been reported as causative agents of infectious anaemia, especially in splenectomised or immunocompromised animals. The present cross-sectional study aims to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and molecular characterization of canine haemoplasmas in Cuba. A total of 391 dog blood samples and 247 tick samples were tested for the presence of canine haemoplasmas by species-specific quantitative TaqMan® real-time PCR assays. Overall, 17.9% (70/391; 95% CI 14.1-21.7) blood samples were PCR-positive for at least one canine haemoplasmas species, where 15.1% (59/391; 95% CI 11.5-18.7) for Mycoplasma haemocanis, 4.4% (17/391; 95% CI 2.3-6.4) for 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum', and 1.5% (6/391; 95% CI 0.3-2.8) were co-infected. All collected ticks were identified morphologically as Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, and none of the tested tick samples was found PCR-positive for the presence of Mycoplasma haemocanis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum'. Risk factors for canine haemoplasmas species infection included the presence of tick infestation, crossbreeding and living in kennels, while no association was found with the occurrence of anaemia. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Mycoplasma haemocanis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum' revealed >99% identity to other isolates distributed worldwide, indicating low genetic variability amongst these canine haemoplasmas species. To the best of the authors´ knowledge, this is the first molecular evidence of Mycoplasma haemocanis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum' infections in dogs from Cuba.Aedes aegypti is the mosquito vector of several arboviruses, especially the dengue virus. Aedes aegypti strain resistant to chemical insecticides have been reported worldwide. To tackle this, an entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) may be an alternative bio-control agent. To this end, this study aims to isolate, identify, and analyze the phylogeny of EPNs in Thailand and evaluate their efficacy for controlling the Ae. aegypti larvae. From 12 provinces in Thailand, soil samples were randomly collected, with 118 out of 1,100 them being positive for EPNs (10.73% prevalence) in genera Steinernema (4.46%) and Heterorhabditis (6.27%). Then, molecular discrimination of these two genus was performed based on the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer regions. The most abundant species of EPN were Heterorhabditis indica, with minor species of Heterorhabditis sp. SGmg3, H. baujardi, S. surkhetense, S. kushidai, S. siamkayai, Steinernema sp. YNd80, Steinernema sp. YNc215, S. guangdongense, and S.