Mcneilbertelsen8708

Capacities of residential photovoltaics (PV) and battery storage are rapidly growing, while their lifecycle cost and carbon implications are not well understood. Here, we integrate PV generation and load data for households in California to assess the current and future lifecycle cost and carbon emissions of solar-plus-storage systems. Our results show that installing PV reduces $180-$730 and 110-570 kgCO2 per year per household in 2020. However, compared to solar-only system, adding battery storage increases lifecycle costs by 39%-67%, while impact on emissions is mixed (-20% to 24%) depending on tariff structure and marginal emission factors. In 2040, under current decarbonization and cost trajectories, solar-plus-storage leads to up to 31% higher lifecycle costs and up to 32% higher emissions than solar-only systems. Designing a tariff structure with wider rate spreads aligned with marginal carbon emissions, and reducing the costs and embodied emissions of batteries are crucial for broader adoption of low-carbon residential solar-plus-storage.Although the concepts underpinning green chemistry have evolved over the past 30 years, the practice of green chemistry must move beyond the environmental and human health-related roots of green chemistry towards a more systems-based, life cycle-informed, and interdisciplinary practice of chemistry. To make a transition from green to sustainable chemistry, one must learn to think at a systems level; otherwise green chemistry-inspired solutions are unlikely to be sustainable. This perspective provides a brief description of why the current situation needs to change and is followed by how life cycle thinking helps chemists avoid significant systems-level impacts. The transition from batch to continuous flow processing and novel approaches to isolation and purification provide a case for interdisciplinary collaboration. Finally, an example of end-of-useful-life considerations makes the case that systems and life cycle thinking from an interdisciplinary perspective needs to inform the design of new chemical entities and their associated processes.The loss of uterine epithelial progesterone receptor (PGR) is crucial for successful embryo implantation in both humans and mice. The two major isoforms PGRA and PGRB have divergent functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. The present study compares phenotypes and gene signatures of PGRA and PGRB in uterine epithelium using uterine epithelial-specific constitutively expressed PGRA or PGRB mouse models. The cistrome and transcriptome analysis reveals substantial overlap between epithelial PGRA and PGRB, and both disrupt embryo implantation through FOXO1 pathways. Constitutive epithelial PGRA and PGRB expression impairs ESR1 occupancy at the promoter of Lif leading to reduced Lif transcription and further exaggerates SGK1 expression leading to enhanced PI3K-SGK1 activities, and both contribute to the decline of nuclear FOXO1 expression. Our study demonstrates that PGRA and PGRB in the uterine epithelium act on a similar set of target genes and commonly regulate the LIF-SGK1-FOXO1 signaling pathway for embryo implantation.Reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC) is an energy device that flexibly interchanges between electrical and chemical energy according to people's life and production needs. The development of cell materials affects the stability and cost of the cell, but also restricts its market-oriented development. After decades of research by scientists, a lot of achievements and progress have been made on RSOFC materials. According to the composition and requirements of each component of RSOFC, this article summarizes the research progress based on materials and discusses the merits and demerits of current cell materials in electrochemical performance. According to the efficiency of different materials in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC mode) and solid oxide electrolyzer (SOEC mode), the challenges encountered by RSOFC in the operation are evaluated, and the future development of RSOFC materials is boldly prospected.[This corrects the article DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102427.].Recombination-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) is a recently developed alternative method for creating single copy transgenes using recombination rather than repair of double stranded breaks as the mechanism for driving integration into the genome. Two alternative methods for performing RMCE have been developed; a two-component approach using an unlinked source of FLP recombinase, and a one-component approach using a FLP expression cassette within the landing site. Here, I describe new landing sites for performing both types of RMCE. The new landing sites are located within 50 bp of well-vetted MosSCI insertion sites on Chr II and Chr IV.Heart disease, specifically congestive heart failure, has become of increased interest to geneticists and cattle feeders. Data on cohort associations of risk factors related to heart disease and when heart disease deaths occur in U.S. feedlot cattle are limited. The study objectives were to 1) determine potential associations between feedlot cohort demographics and the risk of at least one noninfectious heart disease (NIHD) death occurrence and 2) determine potential association between feedlot cohort demographics and the timing of NIHD deaths during the feeding phase. Data were downloaded from commercial feedyard software and analyzed by constructing a generalized linear mixed model for both analyses. A binomial and Gaussian distributions for risk of NIHD death and timing of NIHD were utilized as link functions for their respective models. Our study population consisted of 28,950 cohorts (representing 4,596,205 cattle) that were placed in 22 U.S. commercial feedlots from January 01, 2016, to January 01, 201910 DOF.Background Many studies have documented the impacts mothers-in-law have on daughters-in-law living in the same household, but few have quantified the scale of this co-residence. This study aims to estimate the proportion of married women living with their mothers-in-law across countries and time. Methods Using household rosters from 250 Demographic and Health Surveys in 75 countries, this paper uses the "relationship to head of household" question to identify households where married women live with their mothers-in-law. For select countries with large changes, we decompose changes in rates into changes in the age structure of married women and the rate of women living with their mothers-in-law by age. check details Results This paper finds large variation in family structure around the globe, from 1% of married women in Rwanda to 49% in Tajikistan living with their mother-in-law. Many countries with high co-residence in the 1990s continue to see high and increasing numbers today, especially in Central and Southern Asia, while some North and sub-Saharan African countries experienced substantial declines. Decomposing changes by age and rates shows that changes in the age structure of married women is not driving changes in co-residence, but rather the rates are changing across age groups. Conclusions These findings show the large variation in women living with their mothers-in-law across the globe. The authors provide publicly available code and future research ideas to encourage others to further our understanding of the impact of living with her mother-in-law on a woman's life.Background The achievement of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) program goals depends on numerous factors, including the ability of national programs to use high-quality, timely data to inform their decision-making and program delivery. This paper presents a use case analysis of the routine data used by national NTD programs targeting lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, and trachoma. Methods The use cases were developed through a combination of secondary and primary research focused on both global trends and deep dives into Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Tanzania. Results were refined through a stakeholder convening and the final eight use cases were determined through iteration and prioritization with stakeholders. Results Eight use cases were developed improve treatment register data quality, strengthen supervision of drug distributors during mass drug administration (MDA), generate accurate community-level population data for MDAs, create and manage an accurate inventory of drugs, meet district coverage targets during MDA campaigns, feedback and performance to sub-district teams, feedback on performance to sub-national teams, and national-level program use of data for evaluation and decision making. Each use case identifies key actors and their data-related needs and critical challenges, defines the current and desired state, and articulates the profile of a solution (digital and non-digital) needed to complete the use case. Conclusion The systematic strengthening of data use for decision-making in NTD programs is key for reaching the 2030 Roadmap goals. Integrated together, the presented use cases, when translated into action using appropriate and innovative solutions, can help to ensure that accurate and timely data are present at every step of a program and empower countries to use these data to make program decisions.Background Despite a wide range of contraceptive methods, unmet need persists. New contraceptive technologies (CTs) have the potential to improve uptake and continuation. CT development has a long-time horizon; products will be introduced into markets that look very different than today. Identifying viable investments requires an understanding of these future markets. For this work the 2040 potential contraceptive market is described utilizing seven market segments based on marital status, fertility preferences, and patterns of sexual activity outside of marriage. Methods Market size estimates are developed by country for all countries in the world for a current market (2020) and a future market (2040). United Nation's (UN) population projections of the number of women of reproductive age (WRA) form the basis of this work. WRA are then segmented into market segments based on marital status, fertility intentions, and patterns of sexual activity outside of marriage. Each segment is further subdivided by contraceptive use versus non-use. Segmentation draws from UN projections, household surveys, census data, and modeling techniques developed for this work. Results The largest market increases will be seen in Africa; most notably among the segment of married women wanting no more children. By contrast, Asia will see declines across all three married segments, coupled with increases among sexually active unmarried segments. Levels of contraceptive use are projected to vary widely by segment, with differential patters across regions. Conclusions This analysis projects the impact of demographic changes, evolving fertility preferences, shifts in sexual activity outside of marriage and increased utilization of contraceptives in shaping the contraceptive market of 2040. Results show that there is not one global market, but distinct markets that vary in size and shape across the world. This diversity suggests that a range of different new CTs could have potential for uptake.