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A novel approach to current radiopharmaceutical study design to document efficiency of 177Lu-PSMA-radioligand therapy of metastatic prostate cancer is described in a proposed prospective, real-time, real-world audit of a large patient population worldwide. The NIGHTCAP (National Investigators Global Harmonisation Theragnostics of Cancer of Prostate) Study will establish real-world evidence (RWE) of overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing routine 177Lu-PSMA-radioligand therapy on harmonised compassionate patient-usage protocols throughout the world. Such long-term efficiency data will be contrasted with the short-term randomised controlled trial (RCT) assessments of efficacy predicated upon surrogate markers of survival outcomes, such as progression-free survival (PFS). The shortcomings of RCT evaluation of clinical benefit of new anticancer agents are detailed in this review, which advocates RWE to determine efficiency. The real-time monitoring of QoL in the NIGHTCAP Study is independent of questionnaires, language differences, or oncologist bias, and relies upon individual patient self-assessment by choice of one of five emoji which best reflects their mood each day. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Although synthetic materials have been used in film coating processes for drug delivery for many years, substantial studies on natural materials have also been conducted because of their biodegradable and unique properties. Because of the ability to form and modify films for controlled oral drug delivery, increasing attention has been shown to these materials in the design of film coating systems in recent research. This review aims to provide an overview of natural materials focusing on film coating for oral delivery, specifically in terms of their classification, and their combinations in film coating formulations for adjusting the desired properties for controlled drug delivery. Discussing natural materials and their potential applications in film coating would benefit the optimization of processes and strategies for future utilization. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) acts as an essential DNA repair enzyme. PARP inhibitors are a novel small molecule targeted drugs based on the principle of 'Synthetic Lethality", which affect the DNA repair process by competitively inhibiting the activity of the PARP enzyme and thereby kill cancer cells. Currently, four PARP inhibitors including olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib have been approved by FDA for cancer treatment and have achieved great success in the treatment of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer etc. This paper provides a general overview of the research progress of PARP inhibitors including the major structure types, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and synthetic routes, with the aim of providing ideas for the discovery and synthesis of novel PARP inhibitors. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.(Proteolysis targeting chimera) degraders based on protein knockdown technology now are suggested as a novel option for the treatment of various diseases. Over the last couple of years, application of PROTAC technology has spread in a wide range of disorders, and plenty of PROTAC molecules with high potency have been reported. Mostly developing for anticancer therapy, these molecules show high selectivity to target proteins, ability to significantly induce degradation of oncoproteins, good in vivo and in vitro results. In this review, we summarized the recent development of PROTAC technology in the anticancer therapy field, including molecular design, types of targeted proteins, in vivo and in vitro data results. Additionally, we also discuss on the prospects and challenges for application of candidates based on PROTAC strategy in clinical trials. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.BACKGROUND Radionuclide molecular imaging of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) expression promises unparalleled opportunities for visualizing subtle prostate tumors, which due to small size, adjacent benign tissue, or a challenging location would otherwise remain undetected by conventional imaging. Achieving high imaging contrast is essential for this purpose and the molecular design of any probe for molecular imaging of prostate cancer should be aimed at obtaining as high tumor-to-organ ratios as possible. OBJECTIVE This short review summarizes the key imaging modalities currently used in prostate cancer, with a special focus on radionuclide molecular imaging. Emphasis is laid mainly on the issue of radiometals labeling chemistry and its influence on the targeting properties and biodistribution of radiolabeled GRPR antagonists for imaging of disseminated prostate cancer. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus library databases was conducted to find relevant articles. RESULTS The combination of radionuclide, chelator and required labeling chemistry was shown to have a significant influence on the stability, binding affinity, and internalization rate, off-target interaction with normal tissues and blood proteins, interaction with enzymes, activity uptake and retention in excretory organs and activity uptake in tumors of radiolabeled bombesin antagonistic analogues. CONCLUSION Labeling chemistry had a very strong impact on the biodistribution profile of GRPR-targeting peptide based imaging probes and needs to be considered when designing a targeting probe for high contrast molecular imaging. Taking into account the complexity of in vivo interactions, it is not currently possible to accurately predict the optimal labeling approach. Therefore, a detailed characterization and optimization is essential for the rational design of imaging agents. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has affected millions of people worldwide. However, currently there is no treatment to cure the disease. The AD drugs available in the market only manage the disease symptomatically and the effects are usually short-term. Thus, there is a need to look at alternatives AD therapies. Mid-life hypertension has not only been recognised as a risk factor for AD, but its relation with AD has also been well established. Thus, antihypertensives are postulated to be beneficial in managing AD. This literature review aims to shed some light on the potential of repurposing antihypertensives to treat AD, considering recent updates. Four classes of antihypertensives, as well as their potential limitations and future prospects in being utilised as AD therapeutics are discussed in this review. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.Humans in hot environments are exposed to health risks and thermal discomfort which seriously affects their physical, physiological and mental workload. This study aimed to assess the effects of using cooling vests (CVs) on physiological and perceptual responses at workplace. Three main databases were searched using subject headings and appropriate Mesh terms. The article has been written according to the PRISMA checklist. A total of 23,837 studies were identified for screening and 63 studies were eligible for data extraction. A statistically significant difference was observed in body temperature among hybrid cooling garments (HBCGs), phase-change materials (PCMs) and air-cooled garments (ACGs)) at 31.56-37 °C (60% RH), evaporative cooling garments (ECGs) at 25.8-28.1 °C, and liquid cooling garments (LCGs) at 35 °C (49% RH) compared without cooling vests (CON) condition (p less then .001). HBCGs ((PCMs) and (ACGs)) are effective means in hot, moderate, humid or dry environments.This study aimed to investigate between- and within-team changes in workload [PlayerLoad (PL), training impulse (TRIMP) and session rate of perceived exertion training load (sRPE-TL)], readiness [heart rate variability (HRV)], and physical performance [20-m sprint test (including 10-m split time), countermovement jump (CMJ) and yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1)] during 3-week intensified preparation periods in female, national Under18 (n = 12, age = 18.0 ± 0.5y, stature = 180.4 ± 7.5 cm, body mass = 72.7 ± 9.3 kg) and Under20 (n = 12, age = 19.6 ± 0.8y, stature = 178.6 ± 6.4 cm, body mass = 68.0 ± 5.9 kg) basketball teams. Under18 team revealed small-to-moderate statistically significantly higher values in workload [PL p = 0.010; ES = Small; TRIMP p = 0.004; ES = Moderate; sRPE-TL p  less then  0.001; ES = Moderate] and moderately lower readiness values (p = 0.023; ES = Moderate) compared to Under20. Within-team analysis showed no differences in workload in Under20 and statistically significant reduction (p  less then  0.05) in Week3 (taper period) in Under18. Pre- and post-preparation changes showed Under18 increasing only YYIR1 performance (p  less then  0.001; ES = Very large). Differently, Under20 statistically improved in 10-m split time (p = 0.003; ES = Moderate), CMJ (p = 0.025; ES = Moderate) and YYIR1 (p  less then  0.001; ES = Large). A constant adequate workload positively benefits players' readiness and physical performances during short intensified preparation periods. Conversely, using high workload with periodization strategies encompassing short overload and taper phases induced positive changes on players' aerobic performance, lower readiness values and no changes in anaerobic performances.Comorbidity of substance use with affective symptoms and suicidality has been well documented in the general population. selleck kinase inhibitor However, population-based migrant studies about this association are scarce. We examined the association of affective symptoms and suicidal ideation with binge drinking, daily smoking, and lifetime cannabis use among Russian, Somali, and Kurdish migrants in comparison with the Finnish general population. Cross-sectional data from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (Maamu, n = 1307) and comparison group data of the general Finnish population (n = 860) from the Health 2011 Survey were used. Substance use included self-reported current binge drinking, daily smoking, and lifetime cannabis use. Affective symptoms and suicidal ideation were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses, including age, gender, and additional socio-demographic and migration-related factors. Suicidal ideation (OR 2.4 95% CI 1.3-4.3) was associated with binge drinking among Kurds and lifetime cannabis use among Russians (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.9-17.0) and Kurds (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.9-15.6). Affective symptoms were associated with daily smoking (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.02-2.6) and lifetime cannabis use (OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.6-14.5) among Kurdish migrants. Our results draw attention to the co-occurrence of suicidal ideation, affective symptoms, and substance use, especially among Kurdish migrants. These results highlight the variation of comorbidity of substance use and affective symptoms between the different populations. This implies that screening for substance use in mental healthcare cannot be neglected based on presumed habits of substance use.