Mcmahonholgersen1615

INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) is highly endemic in prison environments, and requires special attention in the population deprived of liberty (PDL). Thus, we aimed to describe the epidemiological situation of TB among PDL in a large municipality of the Brazilian Legal Amazon, from 2012 to 2016, and to identify the factors associated with the site of TB cases notification. METHODOLOGY Both descriptive and cross-sectional studies were conducted. Sociodemographic, clinical, diagnostic and treatment data of PDL with TB were collected from the National Disease Notification System - SINAN. Data analysis included frequency distribution, Chi-square test, Fisher exact test and residue analysis, with a significance level of 95%. RESULTS 256 cases of TB have been notified among PDL in the penitentiary complex situated in the municipality and 100 cases in local health services, such as Primary Health Care units or referral services. Notification in the penitentiary complex was associated with non-X-ray and more than ten contacts identified. An association was found between diagnosis in local health services and female sex, AIDS, alcoholism, illicit drug use, extrapulmonary clinical form, extrapulmonary pulmonary disease, suspected X-ray, sputum smear-negative for diagnosis, HIV positive, culture of sputum not performed/ in progress, DOT ignored/ blank, less than five contacts identified, transfer and others as closure situation. CONCLUSIONS The results show that intricate TB cases were notified by the local health services. Strategies of surveillance and articulation with these health services seem to contribute to the identification of TB cases among PDL. Copyright (c) 2019 Melisane Regina Lima Ferreira, Rafaele Oliveira Bonfim, Tatiane Cabral Siqueira, Rubia Laine de Paula Andrade, Aline Aparecida Monroe, Tereza Cristina Scatena Villa, Nathalia Halax Orfao.INTRODUCTION This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a new antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) on surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SP) and antibiotics in discharge prescriptions used as a continuation of SP. METHODOLOGY The study included elective patients with clean and clean-contaminated wounds. The accuracy of the assigned SP was evaluated according to international guidelines. Primary outcome measures comprised appropriateness of prophylactic antibiotic indication, correct timing of initial dose, discontinuation of SP within 24 hours, and antibiotic prescription at discharge. A secondary outcome measure was to determine whether the effect of ASP was sustained long-term. RESULTS The total compliance rate for all stages of SP increased from 8% to 52.1% after the intervention (p less then 0.05). When analyzed according to individual SP components, it was found that although ASP did not change first dose timing rates, it did affect the rates of prophylactic antibiotic indication, discontinuation of SP within 24 hours and antibiotic prescription at discharge, with statistical significance (p less then 0.05). In addition, ASP continued to increase its effectiveness throughout the 3rd year. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of our study, it seems clear that the modified ASP introduced in our general surgery clinic can be used effectively and simply; in addition, this ASP increases its efficacy with time. Copyright (c) 2019 Cem Karaali, Mustafa Emiroglu, Sabri Atalay, Ismail Sert, Ayberk Dursun, Sukran Kose, Gokhan Akbulut, Cengiz Aydin.World Health Organization (WHO) defined zoonotic diseases as diseases transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa with or without vector, where more than 75% of the human's diseases have been transmitted from animals or their products. Nevertheless, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important food borne zoonotic diseases that is likely to challenge global public health all over the world. In Egypt, campylobacteriosis causes severe losses in comparison with other food borne pathogens like Salmonella or Escherichia coli. The potential sources of Campylobacter transmission are poultry backyards and meat, cattle meat, raw milk and water. The main clinical manifestations of human's campylobacteriosis are gastroenteritis and later on nervous signs. Prevention and control strategic plans of campylobacteriosis are very crucial. Copyright (c) 2019 Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany.INTRODUCTION In the last decade, Acinetobacter species have taken a major public health concern. This is mainly due the increased resistance to a wide range of antibiotics causing treatment challenges. In view of the constant population mobilization and the economic crisis that Lebanon is currently facing, it becomes a necessity to re-evaluate the real threat of Acinetobacter spp and its implication in the one health. METHODOLOGY This review was conducted through the analysis of 45 research papers and reports pertaining to Acinetobacter spp performed in Lebanon. More than 82% of the papers consulted were published in international journals and more than 70 percent of them had received impact factor. RESULTS An in depth description of the involvement of this organism in human infection and its role as potential pathogen or simple colonizer was performed. In addition, the different aspects of resistance, mostly to carbapenems and colistin was studied and summarized. While in animals and environment, susceptible strains were mostly isolated, OXA-23/OXA-24 were predominant in humans. Recently, NDM-1 producing Acinetobacter spp was detected in a Syrian refugee which then was reported in Lebanese patients. The bacterial identification procedures are non-systematic and not always reliable in the Lebanese studies presenting sometimes discrepancies an inconsistency. CONCLUSION Acinetobacter is commonly isolated Lebanon. In view of the spread of resistance among these isolated and their dissemination, Infection control measures attempting to control the spread of this genus in and outside hospitals are lacking and thus require more attention and stewardship activities. Copyright (c) 2019 Iman Dandachi, Eid Azar, Ramzi Hamouch, Peter Maliha, Samah abdallah, elie kanaan, Rebecca Badawi, Tamara Khairallah, Ghassan matar, Ziad Daoud.Tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) play a critical role in the progression of various tumors. However, the dynamics of lymphocyte recruitment during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical progression have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, tissue microarrays and hematoxylin-eosin staining were used to evaluate the existence and degree of TLS in HCC patients. Nine immune biomarkers in intratumoral tissues were examined by immunohistochemical staining. A total of 462 patients were recruited for the study. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that TLS was inversely correlated with the risk of early tumor recurrence (P=0.014), whereas no association was found between TLS and overall survival. Cox regression analysis identified TLS as an independent prognostic factor for early HCC recurrence (P=0.005). In addition, TLS was associated with increased intratumoral CD3+, CD8+, CD20+, and decreased infiltration of Foxp3+ and CD68+ cells. A lower density of PD1+, TIM3+, and LAG3+ were found in TLS+ cases. Sub-analysis revealed the prognostic value of TLS on early-stage HCC (BCLC 0-A, TNM stage I-II) and HCC with solitary nodule. The validation cohort verified the prognostic value of TLS in early-stage HCC patients. These results suggest that TLS-targeted immune-modulating therapies may be a potential strategy for effective immune-mediated tumor suppression.The incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is rising globally but their causes are generally not understood. Here we show that cumulative ancestral stress leads to premature aging and raises NCD risk in a rat population. This longitudinal study revealed that cumulative multigenerational prenatal stress (MPS) across four generations (F0-F3) raises age- and sex-dependent adverse health outcomes in F4 offspring. MPS accelerated biological aging processes and exacerbated sex-specific incidences of respiratory and kidney diseases, inflammatory processes and tumors. Unbiased deep sequencing of frontal cortex revealed that MPS altered expression of microRNAs and their target genes involved in synaptic plasticity, stress regulation, immune function and longevity. Multi-layer top-down deep learning metabolite enrichment analysis of urine markers revealed altered metabolic homeodynamics in MPS males. Thus, peripheral metabolic signatures may provide sensitive biomarkers of stress vulnerability and disease risk. Programming by MPS appears to be a significant determinant of lifetime mental health trajectories, physical wellbeing and vulnerability to NCDs through altered epigenetic regulation.Mitochondria are multifaceted metabolic organelles and adapt dynamically to various developmental transitions and environmental challenges. The metabolic flexibility of mitochondria is provided by alterations in the mitochondrial proteome and is tightly coupled to changes in the shape of mitochondria. Selleckchem SMIFH2 Mitochondrial proteases are emerging as important post-translational regulators of mitochondrial plasticity. The i-AAA protease YME1L, an ATP-dependent proteolytic complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane, coordinates mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics with the metabolic output of mitochondria. mTORC1 dependent lipid signalling drives proteolytic rewiring of mitochondria by YME1L. While the tissue-specific loss of YME1L in mice is associated with heart failure, disturbed eye development and axonal degeneration in the spinal cord, YME1L activity supports growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. YME1L thus represents a key regulatory protease determining mitochondrial plasticity and metabolic reprogramming and is emerging as a promising therapeutic target.Ants (Hymenoptera, Apocrita, Aculeata, Formicoidea) comprise a well-succeeded group of animals. Like bees and wasps, ants are mostly venomous, having a sting system to deliver a mixture of bioactive organic compounds and peptides. The predatory giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps belongs to the subfamily Ponerinae that include one of the largest known ant species in the world. In the present study, low molecular weight compounds and peptides were identified by on-line peptide mass fingerprint. These include neuroactive biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, and dopamine), monoamine alkaloid (phenethylamine), free amino acids (e.g., glutamic acid and proline), free thymidine and cytosine. To the best of our knowledge most of these components are described for the first time in an ant venom. Multifunctional dinoponeratoxin peptides variants (pilosulin- and ponericin-like peptides) were characterized that possess antimicrobial, hemolytic, and histamine-releasing properties. These venom components, particularly peptides, might synergistically contribute to the overall venom activity and toxicity, for immobilizing live prey, and defending D. quadriceps against aggressors, predators and potential microbial infection.Rhodopsins are light-sensitive membrane proteins enabling transmembrane charge separation (proton pump) on absorption of a light quantum. Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is a transmembrane protein from halophilic bacteria that belongs to the rhodopsin family. Potential applications of BR are considered so promising that the number of studies devoted to the use of BR itself, its mutant variants, as well as hybrid materials containing BR in various areas grows steadily. Formation of hybrid structures combining BR with nanoparticles is an essential step in promotion of BR-based devices. However, rapid progress, continuous emergence of new data, as well as challenges of analyzing the entire data require regular reviews of the achievements in this area. This review is devoted to the issues of formation of materials based on hybrids of BR with fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) and with noble metal (silver, gold) plasmonic nanoparticles. Recent data on formation of thin (mono-) and thick (multi-) layers from materials containing BR and BR/nanoparticle hybrids are presented.