Mcmahoncallahan2555

Objectives The aim of the present study was to identify the anticancer effects and the mechanisms of action of shikonin and its analogue isobutyrylshikonin in oral squamous carcinoma cells. Designs The cytotoxic effects of isobutyrylshikonin and shikonin in Ca9-22 and SCC-25 cells were analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) staining, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results Treatment with both isobutyrylshikonin and shikonin induced dose- and time-dependent apoptotic cell death in Ca9-22 cells, although the IC50 of isobutyrylshikonin was less than that of shikonin. The induction of apoptosis by both isobutyrylshikonin and shikonin was accompanied by activation of caspase-8, -9, -3, and PARP, loss of mitochondrial trans-membrane potential, and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. ROS mediated the apoptosis induced by isobutyrylshikonin and shikonin, indicating that ROS may play a critical role in the distinctive cytotoxic effects of isobutyrylshikonin and shikonin in Ca9-22. Isobutyrylshikonin showed a similar cytotoxic effect in SCC-25 cells at concentrations showing the effects in Ca9 cells, but not in human normal keratinocyte cells. Although there is no biological difference between isobutyrylshikonin and shikonin, isobutyrylshikonin exerts the same cytotoxic effect at a concentration 6 times lower than shikonin. Conclusions The present study suggest that isobutyrylshikonin may be a more potent chemotherapeutic agent against oral cancer cells than shikonin. In addition, our data exhibit that both isobutyrylshikonin and shikonin induce caspase-dependent apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway through accumulation of ROS in oral squamous carcinoma cells.Microwave vacuum pyrolysis of palm kernel shell was examined to produce engineered biochar for application as additive in agriculture application. The pyrolysis approach, performed at 750 W of microwave power, produced higher yield of porous biochar (28 wt%) with high surface area (270 cm2/g) compared to the yield obtained by conventional approach ( less then 23 wt%). Addition of the porous biochar in mushroom substrate showed increased moisture content (99%) compared to the substrate without biochar (96%). The mushroom substrate added with biochar (150 g) was optimal in shortening formation, growth, and full colonization of the mycelium within one month. Using 2.5% of the biochar in mushroom substrate desirably maintained the optimum pH level (6.8-7) during the mycelium colonization period, leading to high mycelium growth (up to 91%) and mushroom yield (up to 280 g). The engineered biochar shows great potential as moisture retention and neutralizing agent in mushroom cultivation.It is worth to reveal the long-term responses of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system exposed to high level enrofloxacin (ENR), sulfadiazine (SDZ) and triclosan (TCS). In present study, ppm level ENR, SDZ and TCS were added into three AGS reactors, respectively. ARGs in ENR and SDZ systems showed trends of increasing first and then decreasing, which were contrary to that in TCS system. 80%, 56% and 40% ARGs in ENR, SDZ and TCS systems, respectively, were enriched after loading, but several ARGs still kept high enrichment values after the withdrawn of loadings. The dominant bacteria in ENR (Flavobacterium), SDZ (Candidatus_Competibacter and Defluviicoccus) and TCS (Defluviicoccus) systems might contribute to the reductions of ARGs. IntI1 altered the overall ARGs profiles through horizontal gene transfer. The interactions of bacterial communities and environmental factors might be responsible for the different ARGs patterns in ENR, SDZ and TCS systems.For the first time, a novel sponge-based moving bed-anaerobic osmosis membrane bioreactor/membrane distillation (AnOMBR/MD) system using mixed Na3PO4/EDTA-2Na as the draw solution was employed to treat wastewater for enhanced water flux and reduced membrane fouling. Results indicated that the moving sponge-AnOMBR/MD system obtained a stable water flux of 4.01 L/m2 h and less membrane fouling for a period lasting 45 days. Continuous moving sponge around the FO module is the main mechanism for minimizing membrane fouling during the 45-day AnOMBR operation. The proposed system's nutrient removal was almost 100%, thus showing the superiority of simultaneous FO and MD membranes. Nutrient recovery from the MF permeate was best when solution pH was controlled to 9.5, whereby 17.4% (wt/wt) of phosphorus was contained in precipitated components. Moreover, diluted draw solute following AnOMBR was effectively regenerated using the MD process with water flux above 2.48 L/m2 h and salt rejection > 99.99%.Introduction Neuropsychiatric manifestations of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been described, including anosmia, ageusia, headache, paresthesia, encephalitis and encephalopathy. Little is known about the mechanisms by which the virus causes central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, and therefore little guidance is available regarding potential workup or management options. Cases We present a series of four consecutive cases, seen by our psychiatry consultation service over a one-week period, each of which manifested delirium as a result of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Discussion The four cases highlighted here all occurred in older patients with premorbid evidence of cognitive decline. Unique features seen in multiple cases included rigidity, alogia, abulia, and elevated inflammatory markers. In all four cases, a change in mental status was the presenting symptom, and three of the four cases lacked significant respiratory symptoms. In addition to discussing unique features of the cases, we discuss possible pathophysiologic explanations for COVID-19 delirium. Conclusions Delirium should be recognized as a potential feature of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and may be the only presenting symptom. Based on the high rates of delirium demonstrated in prior studies, hospitals should consider adding mental status changes to the list of testing criteria. Further research is needed to determine if delirium in COVID-19 represents a primary encephalopathy heralding invasion of the CNS by the virus, or a secondary encephalopathy related to systemic inflammatory response or other factors.Saprochaete species infection is a rare fungal disease reported so far only in immunocompromised patients. We describe the first case of aortitis caused by Saprochaete capitata, presenting as ascending aorta aneurysm, with secondary endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent patient. Infection by Saprochaete capitata is potentially fatal, with a mortality ranging from 50% to 90% of cases. In the present case aortic aneurysm caused by Saprochaete capitata aortitis was successfully treated by the combination of accurate diagnosis with surgical and specific antifungal therapy.Objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) provides a framework for understanding how cultural pressure on women's appearance (i.e., sexual objectification) impacts their psychological and physical well-being. Although objectification theory proposes that objectification processes commence with the onset of puberty, much of the existing research on self-objectification has been conducted with adult women. selleck compound Thus, less is known about how self-objectification operates with younger girls and adolescent girls. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of self-objectification research on girls under the age of 18 including the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of self-objectification as well as protective factors (n = 66 studies). In addition, we discuss how development is relevant to objectification theory and self-objectification. Finally, we call for a program of research that addresses methodological and conceptual concerns in existing research, fills gaps in the research literature, and pays further attention to developmental processes in self-objectification. An especially notable pattern we identified is that self-objectification is strongly related to age, such that older girls experience higher levels of self-objectification compared to younger girls. The aim of this paper is to provoke deeper considerations of development and the inclusion of girls in future research on self-objectification.This study estimates how many additional cyclist accidents, injuries or fatalities are avoided or mitigated by adding a system which increases braking levels, the Torricelli Vacuum Emergency Brake (VEB), to a state-of-the-art Automated Emergency Braking (AEB) system. To obtain a realistic state-of-the-art AEB system, the AEB parameter settings were defined to fulfil but not exceed the performance necessary to achieve a full score in the European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP). The systems are simulated in a simple but realistic simulation model in MATLAB with varying brake deceleration and sensor field-of-view (FoV). This study utilised data from the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS), released in January 2019, and the related Pre-Crash Matrix (PCM), released in February 2019. Cyclist Injury Risk Curves were created from 2,662 GIDAS accidents involving a passenger car and a cyclist. The sample of cyclist accidents from the GIDAS-PCM database used in the final simulations comprised 1,340 collisionsned with in-crash protection, especially in the A-pillar area, to best protect cyclists from injury.At the time of this writing, searching Google Scholar for 'light-sheet microscopy' returns almost 8500 results; over three-quarters of which were published in the last 5 years alone. Searching for other advanced imaging methods in the last 5 years yields similar results 'super-resolution microscopy' (>16 000), 'single-molecule imaging' (almost 10 000), SPIM (Single Plane Illumination Microscopy, 5000), and 'lattice light-sheet' (1300). The explosion of new imaging methods has also produced a dizzying menagerie of acronyms, with over 100 different species of 'light-sheet' alone, from SPIM to UM (Ultra microscopy) to SiMView (Simultaneous MultiView) to iSPIM (inclined SPIM, not to be confused with iSPIM, inverted SPIM). How then is the average biologist, without an advanced degree in physics, optics, or computer science supposed to make heads or tails of which method is best suited for their needs? Let us also not forget the plight of the optical physicist, who at best might need help with obtaining healthy samples and keeping them that way, or at worst may not realize the impact their newest technique could have for biologists. This review will not attempt to solve all these problems, but instead highlight some of the most recent, successful mergers between biology and advanced imaging technologies, as well as hopefully provide some guidance for anyone interested in journeying into the world of live-cell imaging.Background Because primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is a rare disease, the standard therapy has not been established. We examined the clinical outcomes of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for breast SCC. Material and methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Patients diagnosed with primary breast SCC who received adjuvant radiotherapy as part of their primary definitive treatment were included. Overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and recurrence-free interval (RFi) were evaluated. Results Between January 2002 and December 2017, 25 breast SCC patients received adjuvant radiotherapy as a primary treatment were included. Median follow-up time was 43.5 months. Three (12%), fifteen (60%) and seven (28%) patients had clinical stage I, II and III disease, respectively. Fourteen patients underwent breast-conserving surgery and subsequent adjuvant radiotherapy. Eleven patients underwent mastectomy and post-mastectomy radiotherapy. Ten patients received regional lymph node irradiation.