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We hope that this strategy can give a further insight into the fabrication of structurally unique featured highly efficient chiroptical materials.

To systematically review research into the use of humour-based health promotion strategies for addressing public health issues during the past 10 years.

The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Thirteen studies were included in the review. Mental health, breast and testicular cancer self-examination, safe sex, skin cancer and binge drinking public health issues were targeted. Humour-based strategies were used to influence health attitudes and behaviours, encourage interpersonal sharing to indirectly affect health behaviour, and investigate the level of threat and humour associated with positive outcomes. Findings provided some evidence to support the use of humour-based strategies as determined by the right combination of audience characteristics, level of humour and amusement evoked, and message persuasion and behaviour change methods underpinning strategies.

Methodologies varied limiting comparability, although overall results indicate that humour-based health promotion strategies may be a useful tool for increasing awareness and help-seeking behaviour for public health priorities, particularly those associated with stigma. Implications for public health Humour interventions vary widely because there can never be a standardised approach to evoking humour. Further research examining humour and public health promotion is needed.

Methodologies varied limiting comparability, although overall results indicate that humour-based health promotion strategies may be a useful tool for increasing awareness and help-seeking behaviour for public health priorities, particularly those associated with stigma. Implications for public health Humour interventions vary widely because there can never be a standardised approach to evoking humour. Further research examining humour and public health promotion is needed.

This study was undertaken to validate a clinical score of vascular origin in patients with acute transient visual disturbances (TVDs) without diplopia.

We conducted a prospective study in an ophthalmology emergency department and a transient ischemic attack (TIA) clinic. Patients underwent clinical evaluation including a tailored questionnaire, brain, vascular, and ophthalmologic investigations, and 3-month follow-up. TVDs were classified according to vascular or nonvascular origin by three independent experts based on all clinical, cerebrovascular, and ophthalmologic investigations, but blind to the questionnaire results. A clinical score was derived based on clinical variables independently associated with a vascular origin, and was externally validated in an independent cohort.

An ischemic origin of TVD was found in 45% (67/149) of patients in the derivation cohort. Age and six questions were independently associated with an ischemic origin. A nine-point score (≥70years old=2; monocular visual loss=2; black or white vision=1; single episode=1; lack of headache=2; diffuse, constricted, altitudinal, or lateralized visual loss pattern on drawings=1) showed good discriminative power in identifying ischemic origin (c-statistic = 0.82) and was replicated in the validation cohort (n=130, 25% of ischemic origin, c-statistic = 0.75). With a score ≥ 4, sensitivity was 85% (95% confidence interval = 68-95) and specificity was 52% (95% confidence interval = 41-62). In both cohorts, ophthalmologic evaluation found a vascular cause in 4% and was noncontributive in 85%. After 3months, no patients had a stroke, TIA, or retinal infarct.

Our score may assist in predicting a vascular origin of TVD. Ophthalmologic evaluation, when not readily available, should not delay the neurovascular evaluation.

Our score may assist in predicting a vascular origin of TVD. Ophthalmologic evaluation, when not readily available, should not delay the neurovascular evaluation.

During acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, neurological signs, symptoms and complications occur. We aimed to assess their clinical relevance by evaluating real-world data from a multinational registry.

We analyzed COVID-19 patients from 127 centers, diagnosed between January 2020 and February 2021, and registered in the European multinational LEOSS (Lean European Open Survey on SARS-Infected Patients) registry. The effects of prior neurological diseases and the effect of neurological symptoms on outcome were studied using multivariate logistic regression.

A total of 6537 COVID-19 patients (97.7% PCR-confirmed) were analyzed, of whom 92.1% were hospitalized and 14.7% died. Commonly, excessive tiredness (28.0%), headache (18.5%), nausea/emesis (16.6%), muscular weakness (17.0%), impaired sense of smell (9.0%) and taste (12.8%), and delirium (6.7%) were reported. In patients with a complicated or critical disease course (53%) the most frequent neurological complications were ischemic strokneurodegenerative disease at first presentation increase the risk of an unfavorable short-term outcome. ICB in critical COVID-19 was associated with therapeutic interventions, such as anticoagulation and ECMO, and thus may be an indirect complication of a life-threatening systemic viral infection.As Arctic warming, permafrost thawing, and thermokarst development intensify, increasing evidence suggests that the frequency and magnitude of thermokarst lake drainage events are increasing. Presently, we lack a quantitative understanding of vegetation dynamics in drained lake basins, which is necessary to assess the extent to which plant growth in thawing ecosystems will offset the carbon released from permafrost. In this study, continuous satellite observations were used to detect thermokarst lake drainage events in northern Alaska over the past 20 years, and an advanced temporal segmentation and change detection algorithm allowed us to determine the year of drainage for each lake. Quantitative analysis showed that the greenness (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]) of tundra vegetation growing on wet and nutrient-rich lake sediments increased approximately 10 times faster than that of the peripheral vegetation. It takes approximately 5 years (4-6 years for the 25%-75% range) for the drainage lakinage intensifies.

Media framing of nutrition policy issues has been said to play a critical role in influencing public and political support for these issues. We examined the coverage of nutrition policy issues in the Australian news media to determine the key frames and expert sources used by the media.

News articles published in Australia between 2008 and 2018 were retrieved from key media databases. Content analysis was used to identify nutrition policy issues reported and expert sources used. Frames were identified using a theoretical framework.

Seven nutrition policy categories were identified. Expert sources included representatives from public health, food industry and politicians. Six dominant frames were identified government responsibility, industry responsibility, societal frame, individual responsibility, parental responsibility and nanny state frame. Nutrition experts tended to use thematic frames while government and food industry sources used episodic frames to deflect responsibility onto individuals.

Despite high media representation of thematic frames and government responsibility in addressing nutrition policy issues, limited regulatory policy action has occurred in Australia. Implications for public health Further research is needed to better understand different frames and their effectiveness in influencing public and political opinion. Greater coherence amongst health advocates would be beneficial to ensure a collective, recognised voice on issues.

Despite high media representation of thematic frames and government responsibility in addressing nutrition policy issues, limited regulatory policy action has occurred in Australia. Implications for public health Further research is needed to better understand different frames and their effectiveness in influencing public and political opinion. Greater coherence amongst health advocates would be beneficial to ensure a collective, recognised voice on issues.

Dietary protein, as an important macronutrient, widely participates in host growth and metabolism. In this study, effects of different protein levels (14, 20, and 26%) on the gut development, microbial compositions and mucin expressions were studied in C57BL/6 mice.

The results showed that body weight and the relative weight of stomach and gut were decreased in low-protein diet-fed mice, while high-protein diet significantly reduced the villus length and area of jejunum. Goblet cells number in the jejunum was reduced in the low-protein group, which was reversed by dietary a high-protein diet. In addition, high-protein diet notably reduced microbial diversity and changed the microbial compositions at the phylum level, such as Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, and Deferribacteres. Furthermore, high-protein diet significantly increased mucin2, mucin3, and mucin4 expressions in the jejunum, but downregulated mucin1, mucin2, mucin4 and TFF3 in the ileum, indicating a tissue-dependent manner.

Together, high-protein diet may impair gut development, microbial balance, and mucin system and a low-protein diet is suggested to promote a healthy lifestyle.

Mucin influenced gut development (villus index and goblet cell number) through remodeling gut microbes, as low and high protein levels resulted in contrary expression levels of mucin in jejunum and ileum.

Mucin influenced gut development (villus index and goblet cell number) through remodeling gut microbes, as low and high protein levels resulted in contrary expression levels of mucin in jejunum and ileum.

What is the central question of this study? Is there a critical threshold beyond which the loss of muscle contractility is regulated by the level of muscle activation during single-limb exercise of differing intensities and volumes? What is the main finding and its importance? Plateaus in the decline in muscle contractility during single-limb knee extension depended on both exercise volume and contraction intensity. A plateau was only evident with an increase in exercise volume. Muscle activation increased and did not decline despite substantial reductions in contractility. The findings indicate that the decrease in muscle contractility exhibited by resistance-trained men during the performance of submaximal isometric contractions with the knee extensors was not regulated by the level of muscle activation.

Our study examined the influence of contraction intensity and exercise volume on changes in muscle contractility and activation of the knee extensor muscles. Maximal voluntary torque (MVT) and rate of ce 40% MVT during the 80% session. At each contraction intensity, a plateau in contractility loss was observed as more contractions were performed. We found that initial increases in muscle activation were maintained in the presence of increases in exercise volume and, in contrast to the critical-threshold hypothesis, did not decline in parallel with reductions in muscle contractility.

40% (P less then 0.001). There were no differences for measures during the five contractions at 40% MVT performed on the different days, despite a greater volume of exercise performed prior to the 40% MVT during the 80% session. At each contraction intensity, a plateau in contractility loss was observed as more contractions were performed. We found that initial increases in muscle activation were maintained in the presence of increases in exercise volume and, in contrast to the critical-threshold hypothesis, did not decline in parallel with reductions in muscle contractility.