Mcleankragh8947

The status of Adelopsis brunnea Jeannel, 1936 is discussed, and is restricted to a single, nominal subspecies. Specific status is restablished for Adelopsis linaresi Szymczakowski, 1969 (previously as Adelopsis brunnea linaresi). The status of Paulipalpina claudicans (Szymczakowski, 1980) is discussed. To correct published misidentifications in museum collections, we also describe the following nine new species Adelopsis claudina sp. n., Adelopsis mrazi sp. n., Adelopsis szymczakowskii sp. n., Adelopsis waclawi sp. n., and Paulipalpina jeanneli sp. n. (all from Brazil), Paulipalpina consuelo sp. n. from Peru, Adelopsis portevini sp. n. and Paulipalpina aragua sp. n. from Venezuela, and Paulipalpina coatepec sp. n. from Mexico. Iutururuca Gnaspini, 1993, described as a subgenus of Adelopsis, is here considered a junior synonym of Adelopsis Portevin, 1907, which is defined as having no subgenera.Details are provided on 124 land snail species and varieties from New Zealand, and a further 14 species putatively from New Zealand, all of which were described by European and North American taxonomists between 1830 and 1934, based on specimens collected between 1824 and 1924. Primary type material of 95 of these taxa was located in Northern Hemisphere museums during the present study. Lectotypes are designated for Helix chimmoi Pfeiffer, 1857, Helix glabriuscula Reeve, 1852, Helix (Paryphanta) gilliesi Smith, 1880, Nanina ? celinde Gray, 1850, Zonites chiron Gray, 1850 and Zonites coma Gray, 1843. Neotypes are designated for Helix conella Pfeiffer, 1861 and Helix tau Pfeiffer, 1861. Primary type material of the following taxa is figured herein for the first time Bulimus? (Laoma) leimonias Gray, 1850, Cyclophorus cytora Gray, 1850, Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus?) lignarium Pfeiffer, 1857, Helix chimmoi Pfeiffer, 1857, Helix egesta Gray, 1850, Helix fatua Pfeiffer, 1857, Helix greenwoodi Gray, 1850, Helix guttula Pilostictus (Reeve, 1852), Thalassohelix obnubila (Reeve, 1852), Tornatellinops novoseelandica (Küster, 1852) and Wainuia urnula (Reeve, 1854). Helix collyrula Reeve, 1852 and Nanina tullia Gray, 1850 are treated as junior synonyms of Phenacohelix (Neophenacohelix) giveni Cumber 1961 nomen protectum and Helix (Huttonella) pseudoleioda Suter, 1890 nomen protectum, respectively. A brief account is given of the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917.Aphilodontinae are a well distinct but poorly known group of soil centipedes (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha Geophilidae) inhabiting two disjunct areas in South America and South Africa respectively. A comprehensive revision of the Neotropical species is presented based on the examination of >150 specimens, the phylogenetic analysis of the entire subfamily based on 47 morphological characters, and the description of eight new species from Southeastern Brazil. The Aphilodontinae were confirmed a monophyletic clade within Geophilidae and closely related to Geoperingueyia, with which they share synapomorphic characters in the labrum, second maxillae and forcipules. Particular groups of clypeal setae, inconspicuous lateral parts of labrum and coalescent forcipular throchanteroprefemur and femur were recovered as synapomorphies of the Aphilodontinae. Four monophyletic genera are recognized within the subfamily Aphilodontinae Silvestri, 1909 (1908) (= Brasilophilidae Verhoeff, 1908; = Mecistaucheninae Verhoeff, 1925 n. serhoeff, 1937) n. comb., P. brevipes (Verhoeff, 1938) n. comb., P. bidentatum (Lawrence, 1955) n. comb., P. longipes (Lawrence, 1955) n. comb., P. Protein Tyrosine Kinase antagonist macronyx (Lawrence, 1955) n. comb., P. maritimum (Lawrence, 1963) n. comb., P. pauciporum (Lawrence, 1963) n. comb. and P. transvaalicum (Lawrence, 1963) n. comb.) and is characterized by vestigial lateral parts of the labrum and the complete suppression of the distal article of the telopodites of the second maxillae. Identification keys are provided for the Aphilodontinae genera and for the species of Aphilodon, Mecophilus and Mairata n. gen. The known occurrence of Aphilodon in Brazil is extended from the states of São Paulo and Mato Grosso to the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, that of Mecophilus from the state of Paraná to the state of São Paulo.The Oriental species of Chaetocnema Stephens, 1831 are revised. There are 85 valid species, including 19 new species C. angustifrons sp. nov.; C. appendiculata sp. nov.; C. baoshanica sp. nov.; C. dapitanica sp. nov.; C. glabra sp. nov.; C. greenica sp. nov.; C. jinxiuensis sp. nov.; C. hongkongensis sp. nov.; C. latapronota sp. nov.; C. midimpunctata sp. nov.; C. nigrilata sp. nov.; C. parafusiformis sp. nov.; C. paragreenica sp. nov.; C. paraumesaoi sp. nov.; C. purerulea sp. nov.; C. reteimpunctata sp. nov.; C. sabahensis sp. nov.; C. subbasalis sp. nov.; C. trapezoida sp. nov.                Fifteen new synonyms are proposed C. assamensis Scherer, 1969 (syn. nov.) = C. hainanensis Chen, 1932; C. birmanica Jacoby, 1892 (syn. nov.) = C. malayana Baly, 1877; C. ebenina Warchalowski, 1973 (syn. nov.) = C. yiei Kimoto, 1970; C. flavipennis Medvedev, 1996 (syn. nov.) = C. granulicollis Jacoby, 1896; C. harita Maulik, 1926 (syn. nov.) = C. westwoodi Baly, 1877; C. himalayana Medvedev, 1993 (syn. nov.) = C. melona yunnanica Heikertinger, 1951.                Lectotypes are designated for 25 species C. minuta Jacoby, 1896; C. granulicollis Jacoby, 1896; C. kwangsiensis Chen, 1939; C. longipunctata Maulik, 1926; C. montivaga Maulik, 1926; C. basalis Baly, 1877; C. parvula Baly, 1877; C. nitens Baly, 1877; C. geniculata Jacoby, 1896; C. simplicifrons (Baly, 1876); C. sticta Maulik, 1926; C. sumatrana Jacoby, 1896; C. wallacei Baly, 1877; C. alticola Maulik, 1926; C. belli Jacoby 1904; C. cognata Baly, 1877; C. squarrosa Baly, 1877; C. concinnipennis Baly, 1877; C. malayana Baly, 1877; C. birmanica Jacoby, 1892; C. merguiensis Bryant, 1941; C. pusaensis Maulik, 1926; C. singala Maulik, 1926; C. westwoodi Baly, 1877; C. harita Maulik, 1926.Graliophilus zeilensis is described from Mount Zeil in the West MacDonnell Ranges. While Mt Zeil is the highest mountain in the Northern Territory of Australia, the average rainfall for the bioregion is less than 250 mm annually, well below the limit previously thought to support native earthworms. This record considerably extends the range of Graliophilus, which was formerly restricted to southern Australia. It also provides further evidence of a former continent-wide distribution of earthworms which has been confined to increasingly smaller refugia during the gradual desertification of much of Australia's interior.