Mclaughlinwinters3528

l-Trp was separated satisfactorily from l-glutamic acid (l-Glu) and NaCl with both the recovery rate and purity of l-Trp higher than 99% in the fixed bed packed with resin XDA-200.The monomer-micelle equilibrium is shown to be responsible for an asymmetry between surfactant adsorption and desorption rates. When a solution containing micelles is brought into contact with a solid surface, the micelles dissociate to supply monomers that adsorb to the surface. this website When the same surface is subsequently exposed to a surfactant-free solution, desorption occurs slowly because of the higher affinity of the monomers to remain to the surface than to form micelles. As a result, the number of monomers that desorb is limited by the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant. This effect is particularly pronounced for surfactants with low CMC values and in systems with high surface-to-volume ratios, such as porous media. A generic model is developed and applied to simulate the Ca2+-mediated adsorption and desorption of surfactants in limestone cores.A green method for the oxidation of alcohols to carboxylic acids was developed using a novel co-catalytic system based on gold, silver, and copper catalysts. This reaction system was conducted under atmospheric oxygen in water and mild conditions to selectively oxidize 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, as a building block for polyethylene furanoate, which is a 100% bio-based, future alternative to the petroleum-based polyethylene terephthalate. Furthermore, various primary alcohols were conveniently oxidized to their corresponding carboxylic acids in up to quantitative yields.The coal system of the Taiyuan Formation in the Dongpu Sag is a good source rock. In this paper, the representative hydrogen-rich coal of the Taiyuan Formation is selected for pyrolysis experiments. We used high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to characterize the structural evolution of coal during thermal simulation, combined with the characteristics of gas and liquid products from low-maturity coal pyrolysis to comprehensively reveal the process of coal of the Taiyuan Formation to hydrocarbon. The results show that the evolution of a hydrogen-rich coal structure is mainly divided into five stages (1) Before 350 °C The content of aromatic hydrogen and the distance between aromatic layers are almost unchanged. The aromatic structure is mainly composed of naphthalene and 2 × 2 aromatic rings, indicating that polycondensation does not clearly occur. Liquid hydrocarbons reach their maximum amount due to liptinite cracking. (2) 350-400 °C The aromatic layer and aromatic rings with sizes above 4 × 4 increase rapidly. Aromatic hydrogen rapidly decreases to the minimum, and the fatty acid hydrogen of vitrinite quickly decreases to 0. Considerable polycondensation and demethylation reactions occur in the vitrinite to produce a large amount of gaseous hydrocarbon. (5) 550-600 °C The aromatic layer distance and contents of fatty acid hydrogen and aromatic hydrogen in vitrinite change slowly. Additionally, the yields of gas and liquid do not change significantly, indicating that the polycondensation intensity decreases and that the vitrinite and liptinite are cracked without producing hydrocarbons.Adsorption is one of the most important forms of storage of gas in shale reservoirs. Shale gas adsorption in the actual reservoir is not only affected by individual factors such as water content, temperature, and pressure but also by the synergetic effect of these factors. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments on methane adsorption in dry and wet shale at different pressures and temperatures. The synergetic effect of water content, temperature, and pressure on shale gas adsorption is explored. The results show that increasing temperature weakens the interaction between methane and shale and reduces adsorption capacity due to the exothermic nature of adsorption. Water reduces methane adsorption capacity by occupying adsorption sites and blocking pores in the shale system. Although temperature and water reduce methane adsorption individually, the effect of these two factors weakens each other. Temperature has a more significant effect on methane adsorption in shales with low water content, while water has a more remarkable impact on methane adsorption at a low temperature. Furthermore, the increase in pressure reduces the negative influence of water and temperature on methane adsorption. By quantitatively analyzing the relationship between methane adsorption in dry and wet shales, a predictive adsorption model for wet shale considering the influence of in situ conditions is proposed and validated. Validation shows that the proposed model has high accuracy and broad applicability to shales with different properties.Based on the characteristic that Ca2+ can react with 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (EMP) to form a complexation with a phenol-calcium ratio of 41, a new extraction and purification method of EMP is developed for the first time in this work. At an optimum purification condition, 99.60% purity of EMP can be obtained through a reaction and decomposition operation. By combining a variety of characterizations, which consist of in situ Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)/flame ionization detector (FID), elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis, the reaction mechanism of the coordination process is studied. It is demonstrated that there are three stages of the coordination reaction between Ca2+ and EMP. A neutralization reaction occurs in the first stage, while the second stage is a mixing reaction stage including neutralization and coordination reaction. When the reaction proceeds to the third stage, another coordination reaction occurs. Furthermore, phenol and ethanol are added as impurities in EMP. EMP with a purity of more than 99.50% can be obtained using this purification method. It confirms that this efficient method can achieve a good purification effect even for EMP solutions with complicated components.