Mclaughlinharbo0527
This study aims to compare the degree of conversion of two different curing protocols used during adhesive cementation. The following resin luting agents were tested Hri Flow (MF) and pre-heated Hri Micerium (MH); light-cure Nexus Third Generation (NX3L) and dual-cure Nexus Third Generation (NX3D); dual cured RelyX Ultimate (RXU) and light-cure RelyX Veneers (RXL). For each tested material, ten samples were prepared and divided into two groups which had different curing protocols (P1 and P2) in P1, samples were cured for 40 s; in P2, samples were cured for 5 s, and then, after 20 s, cured again for additional 40 s. The degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated both during the first 5 min of the curing phase and after 1, 2, 7, 14 and 28 days (p = 0.05). Different trends were observed in DC values after 5 min by comparing P1 and P2. In both P1 and P2, DC decreased as follows, MH > MF > NX3L > RXL > RXU > NX3D. There were significant differences of DC values among all resin luting agents (p 0.05). Both P1 and P2 protocols let achieve an acceptable DC after 28 days. The tested P2 can be safely used to lute indirect restorations, simplifying the removal of cement excesses.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the anatomical variability of the superficial temporal artery (STA) and to provide an easy visual landmark to find the STA and its branches to facilitate its surgical access.
A retrospective study was conducted on 57 patients who underwent a head and neck computed tomography with contrast injection. A visual landmark running from the tragus to the corner of the eye was used the "eye-tragus-line" (ETL). On the ETL, the distance between the tragus and the STA was measured. The length of the STA main branch, its parietal and frontal branch and the angle of the STA and its branches with the ETL were measured. The division of the STA was studied as above/at the same level/below the zygomatic arch (ZA) and the ETL.
The STA division was located above the ZA in 61.54% of cases, at the same level in 26.92% of cases and below in 11.54% of cases. Regarding the ETL, 93.27% of the STA divisions were located above the ETL, 5.77% at the same level and 0.96% below. On the ETL, the STA was located 15.55 ± 4.5mm in front of the tragus.
This study allowed to define an easy visual landmark the ETL running from the tragus to the corner of the eye. The STA main branch was located 15.55 ± 4.5mm of front of the tragus on the ETL. The STA division was nearly always located above the ETL (99.04%). Furthermore, this study provides a statistical representation of the anatomy of the STA and its branches.
This study allowed to define an easy visual landmark the ETL running from the tragus to the corner of the eye. The STA main branch was located 15.55 ± 4.5 mm of front of the tragus on the ETL. The STA division was nearly always located above the ETL (99.04%). Furthermore, this study provides a statistical representation of the anatomy of the STA and its branches.
The orbital apex is the narrowest part of the orbit, housing the link between the intracranial cavity and orbit. Knowledge of orbital apex anatomy is crucial to selecting a surgical approach and reducing the risk of complications. Our purpose is to summarize current knowledge on surgical anatomy and attempt to reach a consensus on definition of the orbital apex.
The online databases of Embase, the Cochrane library, Web of Science and PubMed (MEDLINE) were queried in a comprehensive bibliographic search on the (surgical) anatomy of the orbital apex and consisted of a combination of two subjects, using indexed terms and free text "Orbital Apex" and "Orbital Anatomy."
A total of 114 relevant papers were included in this review. Numerous anatomical variations are described in the literature. Variations of the optic canal include duplication (0.64%) and keyhole anomaly (2.65%). Variations in pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process were unilateral in almost 10%, bilateral in 9%, and normal in 72%. A rare variant of the superior orbital fissure (SOF) is Warwick's foramen, which appears as if the lowest portion of the SOF was separated from the main fissure by a transverse bony bridge.
The definition of the orbital apex varies in the literature, and further research would most likely identify additional variations. A universal definition reporting these variations and pathology and imaging findings is essential for determining the optimal surgical approach to the orbital apex.
The definition of the orbital apex varies in the literature, and further research would most likely identify additional variations. A universal definition reporting these variations and pathology and imaging findings is essential for determining the optimal surgical approach to the orbital apex.
The prolonged change in the head posture alters the morphological characteristics of cervical vertebrae. The difference in the head posture among subjects with short, normal, and long anterior facial heights might have a significant influence on the morphological characteristics of cervical vertebrae. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the morphometric characteristics of cervical vertebrae in subjects with short, normal, and long faces.
Based on Frankfort mandibular plane angle (FMA) on lateral cephalograms, 135 subjects were equally divided into three groups, i.e. Group I [Short face], II [Normal face], and III [Long face]. The angular variables like Atlas-dens angle (ADA), Pars interarticularis-dens angle (PDA), Pars interarticularis-vertebrae angle of C3 vertebrae (PVA3), Pars interarticularis-vertebrae angle of C4 vertebrae (PVA4), Lamina-Pars interarticularis angle of C2 vertebrae (LP2), Lamina-Pars interarticularis angle of C3 vertebrae (LP3), and Lamina-Pars interarticularis angle oft, normal, and long faces. The vertical height of the face had a strong correlation with the morphology of axis vertebra.To assess the risk on human health, heavy metal contamination was analysed from surface water in the Upper Ganga river, India. Spatial and seasonal distribution of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr and Pb was evaluated at eight sites during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season of 2017. Average concentration of heavy metals was high, often exceeding the limits prescribed for surface water by Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Based on heavy metal pollution index (HPI), 87% of the river stretch was classified as medium to highly polluted. Simultaneous assessment of the health risk employing chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) indicates that exposure through ingestion and dermal pathways currently poses no serious threat to human health (CDI 1) in the Upper Ganga river indicate an ever-increasing non-carcinogenic risk to the exposed population within the riverine landscape. The study highlights the impact of heavy metals in degrading the water quality of the Upper Ganga river and also advocates immediate attention towards reducing human health risk.Hard ticks (Acari Ixodidae) act as important vectors of zoonotic pathogens. For instance, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochetes pose a severe health risk as aetiological agents of Lyme borreliosis. Commonly, to study the abundance of questing (host-seeking) ticks, a 1 m2 piece of cloth is dragged over vegetation for a determined distance. Here, we designed a tick-sampling study to estimate the sampling efficiency of this standard method. We established 10 m dragging transects in a hemiboreal mixed forest patch in SW Finland for a 5-day monitoring period. Five of the transects were cloth-dragged 3× a day, whereas another five transects were dragged 6× a day in a manner that after each morning, midday and afternoon dragging, a second dragging was conducted on the same transect immediately. Captured Ixodes ricinus ticks were subsequently analysed for tick-borne pathogens. The initial population size of nymphal ticks on a transect was approximated by the accumulated nymph catch from the dragging sessions. The sampling efficiency of the cloth dragging was low, as a single dragging in a previously untouched vegetation strip always caught less than 12% (mean 6%) of the estimated population of active nymphs that were assumed to be questing during the study. Clear results were not found for daily activity rhythm, as ticks were caught in all daily dragging sessions. Approximately every third nymph and every second adult carried a pathogen, but nothing indicated that the occurrence of a pathogen affected the likelihood of the tick being caught by cloth dragging. Our results suggest that only a minority of active ticks can be caught by a single cloth dragging. The abundance estimates in many tick investigations might thus be downward biased.European beaver (Castor fiber L. 1758) is the biggest rodent living in Europe. It is a semi-aquatic animal known for building dams and burrows. European beaver is a potential host for a wide range of parasites and other infectious diseases. In Slovakia, there is an increasing number of beavers but the data about their parasitic fauna are missing. Our work is the first documentation about the beaver's parasitofauna in Slovakia. In a 1-year study, we collected and examined 19 beaver fecal samples from the vicinity of beaver burrows inhabiting three particular localities at the Danube, Topľa, and Laborec rivers in Slovakia. In these fecal samples, 4 different species of intestinal endoparasites were detected as follows oocysts of Cryptosporidium, cysts of Giardia, eggs of Stichorchis subtriquetrus, and eggs and larvae of Travassosius rufus. Parasites were confirmed only in samples collected at river Topľa. Based on our results, we can conclude that European beaver can be an important source of parasitic contamination of surface waters especially in the localities shared by people.The effect of annealing temperature variance on magnesium ferrites (MgFe2O4) later anchored on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) forming hybrid nanocomposite is demonstrated and its electrochemical performance investigated by using a screen-printed carbon paste electrode (SPCE) for detection of the environmental hazardous phenolic compound 4-cyanophenol (4-CY). The MgFe2O4 (MFO-600 °C) displayed an enhanced charge transfer ratio with high conductivity and electrocatalytic activity. To confirm the structural and morphological parameters of the rGO-MFO-2 hybrid micro/nanocomposite, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), and field-emission electron microscopy (FE-EM) with EDX mapping have been utilized. The rGO/MFO-2/SPCE electrode displayed high catalytic performance in detecting 4-CY with good sensitivity of 6.836 μA μM-1 cm-2 in a working range 0.001 to 700 μM with a limit of detection of 0.0012 μM by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). This is achieved for the active interaction between rGO and MFO-2 active surface site areas resulting in good electrochemical activity and high electron transfer rate. Moreover, 4-CY detection has been performed in the presence of various interferents and through real-time analysis in samples like tap water, industrial river water, and fish which resulted in admirable recovery.Graphical abstract.
