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In a representative democracy, leaders (ideally) who are elected through the electorates should indicate consensus that the newly elected leader truly does represent the majority of the nation or the group. That is, once elected, can the ensuing perceptions of the electorate's consensus provide the newly elected leader with a sense of legitimacy and the ability to represent the group? Two experiments demonstrate that the perceptions of group consensus stemming from democratic elections can imbue newly elected leaders (even if they were once deviant) with legitimacy. Study 1 (N = 158) demonstrates that normative leaders are perceived as more legitimate than deviant leaders when elected with high voting consensus, which increased the perceived prototypicality of the normative leader through greater perceptions of legitimacy. Study 2 (N = 182) showed that newly elected leaders (vs. candidates) are perceived as more legitimate, which in turn, increases the group's perceptions of the once deviant leader's prototypicality, granted that the leader is democratically elected. Results suggest that democratic elections create conditions under which once deviant leaders can gain in perceived prototypicality and create lasting changes to the group identity.

Epileptic spasms are a hallmark of a severe epileptic state. A previous study showed neocortical up and down states defined by unit activity play a role in the generation of spasms. However, recording unit activity is challenging in clinical settings, and more accessible neurophysiological signals are needed for the analysis of these brain states.

In the tetrodotoxin model, we used 16-channel microarrays to record electrophysiological activity in the neocortex during interictal periods and spasms. High-frequency activity (HFA) in the frequency range of fast ripples (200-500Hz) was analyzed, as were slow wave oscillations (1-8Hz), and correlated with the neocortical up and down states defined by multiunit activity (MUA).

HFA and MUA had high temporal correlation during interictal and ictal periods. Both increased strikingly during interictal up states and ictal events but were silenced during interictal down states and preictal pauses, and their distributions were clustered at the peak of slow oscillatiopasms. The availability of HFA recordings makes this a clinically practical technique. These findings will likely provide a novel approach for localizing and studying epileptogenic neocortical networks not only in spasms patients but also in other types of epilepsy.

To analyze oncological patients' perception of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A total of 345 women, of whom 267 experienced breast cancer and 78 experienced a gynecological cancer, were enrolled. Specific questionnaires about their experiences and feelings about telemedicine in the COVID-19 era were collected.

In the breast group, "enhanced care" showed moderate positive perception (mean 4.40) among less-educated women that was slightly lower among better-educated women (mean 4.14) with a significant difference (P=0.034). "satisfaction" had an opposite pattern a mean of 3.99 for a lower level of education and 4.78 for a higher level of education, with a strong significant difference (P<0.001). "privacy and discomfort" approached neutrality for less-educated women, while for higher-educated women the lower mean of 2.93 indicted a more positive perception (P=0.007). In the pelvic group, younger women had a better perception towards telemedicine for "telemedicine as a substitution" (mean 3.68) compared to older women (mean 3.05). The privacy and discomfort subscale was in favor of better-educated women (mean 2.57) compared to less-educated women (mean 3.28; P=0.042).

Telemedicine was generally well accepted, not only among younger and higher-educated women but also by women needing intensive care, in both cancer groups.

Telemedicine was generally well accepted, not only among younger and higher-educated women but also by women needing intensive care, in both cancer groups.A range of cutaneous manifestations has been described in association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) infection during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic 1 . Among them, chilblain like lesions (CLL) occurred more frequently than expected. A direct link was demonstrated thanks to the visualization of viral particles in the skin endothelial cells by electron microscopy 2 which was further questioned 3 . An indirect link was highlighted with high prevalence of seropositivity in CLL patients compared to general population 4 .

To report the temporal and spatial distribution of rainbow lorikeets presenting with lorikeet paralysis syndrome (LPS) and their clinicopathologic and pathologic findings, exposure to toxins, and response to treatment.

Records of lorikeets admitted in 2017 and 2018 to facilities in south-east Queensland (QLD) were reviewed and LPS and non-LPS cases were mapped and their distribution compared. MEK inhibitor side effects Plasma biochemistries and complete blood counts were done on 20 representative lorikeets from south-east QLD and Grafton, New South Wales (NSW). Tissues from 28 lorikeets were examined histologically. Samples were tested for pesticides (n=19), toxic elements (n=23), botulism (n=15) and alcohol (n=5).

LPS occurred in warmer months. Affected lorikeets were found across south-east QLD. Hotspots were identified in Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast. Lorikeets had a heterophilic leucocytosis, elevated muscle enzymes, uric acid and sodium and chloride. Specific lesions were not found. Exposure to cadmium was common in LPS and non-LPS lorikeets. Treated lorikeets had a 60-93% See Table 2 depending on severity of signs.

The primary differential diagnosis for lorikeets presenting with lower motor neuron signs during spring, summer and autumn in northern NSW and south-east Queensland should be LPS. With supportive care, prognosis is fair to good.

The primary differential diagnosis for lorikeets presenting with lower motor neuron signs during spring, summer and autumn in northern NSW and south-east Queensland should be LPS. With supportive care, prognosis is fair to good.