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05) and the vestibular questionnaire (p less then 0.05); there was a non-significant decrease in the post-fatigue values for reposition errors of proprioception of the affected limb (p= 0.859). Conclusion Fatigue of the unaffected limb negatively affects postural balance and related sensory systems (proprioception of the fatigued limb and vestibular function) but does not have an impact on proprioception of the unfatigued limb.Purpose To examine the results of repeated episodes of 21-day pediatric constraint induced movement therapy (PCIMT) paired with gross motor training (GMT). Methods Nineteen children, age 14 months - 6 years with unilateral upper extremity impairment enrolled in this cohort study to receive repeated episodes of 21 day PCIMT-GMT. Outcome measures included the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS-2), the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Results All children demonstrated improvement in raw scores following each episode of PCIMT-GMT with a statistically significant change in the least squares estimated mean for all measures except the PDMS-2 total motor raw score and gross motor quotient for the preferred hand in the fourth episode (p less then 0.05). Gains were noted on the Scaled Score for the AHA for 39/39 episodes, all greater than the smallest detectable difference. COPM Performance and Satisfaction scores for 17/17 episodes were above the clinically meaningful threshold. Additional improvements in scores were noted in all children with each repeated episode. Conclusion Children with unilateral upper extremity impairment demonstrate improvements in fine motor, gross motor, and bimanual skills, along with functional changes in participation in daily life, following PCIMT-GMT. Participation in repeated episodes can lead to further improvements.Purpose To investigate the effects of robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) alongside conventional therapy on the standing and walking abilities of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods The study sample consisted of children (aged 4-18 years) with CP whose gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) was at levels I-V. In total, 75 children with CP were evaluated and 38 patients completed the study. Patients were divided into two groups as GMFCS levels I-III (Group 1) and levels IV-V (Group 2). RAGT (30 min/session) and conventional physiotherapy (30 min/session) were applied together in the treatment. The treatment duration was 60 min per session, 3 or 4 sessions per week, for a total of 30 sessions over 8-10 weeks. 10-meter walk test (10MWT), 6-min walk test (6MinWT), gross motor functional measurement 66 (GMFM66) -D, and -E tests were performed. Results We showed that in both groups of CP patients (mild-moderate and severe), meaningful improvements were seen in the standing (D) and walking (E) sections of GMFM-66 after treatment. When we compared the post-treatment changes in 10-m walk test, 6-min walk test, GMFM66-D, and -E between Groups 1 and 2, we noted that the improvements were statistically significant in favor of Group 1 (p less then 0.01). Conclusion RAGT in combination with a conventional treatment program was significantly associated with improvements in the standing and walking abilities of children with mild to moderate CP (GMFCS levels I-III).addresses a number of aspects of the mother-infant dyad management during SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Networking among maternity centers and anticipatory planning is essential to organise the assistance to mothers and neonates in maternity and neonatal wards. Early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, before delivery, allows their management through dedicated protocols and minimizes the risk of contagion for other patients and healthcare providers. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be excluded at present, and should be ruled out as soon as possible after birth. Rooming in of infected mothers and neonates, provided their good clinical conditions, is not contraindicated based on current knowledge. The choice of breastfeeding should be carefully discussed with parents based on current, evolving scientific evidence.Background Transient tachypnea of the newborn(TTNB) is the most common respiratory morbidity in late preterm and term babies and ispathophysiologically related to delayed lung fluid clearance after birth. Mimicking low physiological fluid intake in the initial period of life may accelerate the recovery from TTNB. In a randomized controlled trial, we compared the roles of restricted versus standard fluid management in babies with TTNB requiring respiratory support. Methods This parallel group,non-blinded, stratified randomized controlled trial was conducted in a level III neonatal unit of eastern India. Late preterm and term babies with TTNB requiring continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were randomly allocated to standard and restricted fluid arms for the first 72 hours (hrs). Primary outcome was CPAP duration. Results In total, 100 babies were enrolled in this study with 50 babies in each arm. CPAP duration was significantly less in the restricted arm (48[42, 54] hrs vs 54[48,72] hrs, p = 0.002). However, no difference was observed in the incidence of CPAP failure between the two arms. In the subgroup analysis, the benefit ofreduced CPAP duration persisted in late preterm but not in term infants. However, the effect was not significant in the late preterm babies exposed to antenatal steroid. selleck products Conclusion This trial demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of restrictive fluid strategy in reducing CPAP duration in late preterm and term babies with TTNB. Late preterm babies, especially those not exposed to antenatal steroid were the most benefitted by this strategy.Background Hypothermia with xenon gas has been used to reduce brain injury and disability rate after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. We evaluated xenon gas therapy effects in an in vitro model with or without hypothermia on cultured human airway epithelial cells (Calu-3). Methods Calu-3 mono layers were grown at an air-liquid interface and exposed to one of the following conditions 1) 21% FiO2 at 37°C (control); 2) 45% FiO2 and 50% xenon at 37°C; 3) 21% FiO2 and 50% xenon at 32°C; 4) 45% FiO2 and 50% xenon at 32°°C for 24 hours. Trans epithelial resistance (TER) measurements were performed and apical surface fluids collected and assayed for total protein, IL-6, and IL-8. Three mono layers were used for immune fluorescence localization of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results TER decreased at 24hours in all treatment groups. Xenon with hyperoxia and hypothermia resulted in greatest decrease in TER compared with other groups. Immuno fluorescence localization of ZO-1 (XY) showed reduced density of ZO-1 rings and incomplete ring-like staining in the 45% FiO2- 50% xenon group at 32°C compared with other groups.