Mckenzielarkin0694

with parity, while CE increases.The birth type has a significant effect on BW, PW, CN and CD.There are positive correlations between the placental weight and large cotyledon number, cotyledon length and cotyledon width.ACSA can be used as an important parameter to increase the weight of lambs.Especially in multiple birthing, ACSA has been found to be a more determinant index to express uterine capacity instead of PE or CE. buy Proteinase K Copyright © 2020 Selçuk Özyürek and Doğan Türkyilmaz.SPARC is a cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein. It is a non-collagen component of bone, which is widely distributed in humans and animals and plays an important role. SPARC has been found in a variety of human cancers (breast cancer, stomach cancer, ovarian cancer, etc.) and diabetes-related research. Especially the muscle and fat metabolism are closely related. In this study, we used a DNA pool to detect a new SNP site (g.12454T  >  C). A total of 616 samples of four breeds of Qinchuan cattle (QC, n = 176 ), Xianan cattle (XN, n = 160 ), Pinan cattle (PN, n = 136 ) and Jiaxian cattle (JX, n = 144 ) were analyzed and identified with ARMS-PCR. In addition, we correlated SNP with growth traits and showed significant correlation with growth traits such as rump length, hip width, and body length ( p less then 0.05 ). Moreover, we tested the SPARC gene expression level in different tissues belonging to XN adult cattle ( n = 3 ) and found its high expression in muscle tissues (relative to the kidney). Further, we found the SNP is able to increase the SPARC expression level in skeletal muscle ( n = 12 ). According to statistical data, this SNP site may be applied to a molecular marker of an early marker-assisted selection for early growth of beef cattle. Copyright © 2020 Danyang Zhang et al.Water buffaloes are considered social animals and perform several activities on pasture, such as grazing, moving, standing, ruminating, wallowing, lying, and drinking. However, the way these animals form their social structure in the herd during each one of these activities is still unknown. Literature for water buffaloes has focused mainly on their productive characteristics, impact of grazing on wetlands and behavior during grazing but failed to address the way these animals form their social organization during their activities on pasture. In this study, the tools of social network analysis are used to analyze, detect, and depict the proximity patterns in water buffaloes' activities on pasture and the effect of their age and gender on them. We describe and interpret a series of global and local network indices, and show that the water buffaloes differentiate their social structure in their activities on pasture and that the animals' age and gender affect their interacting patterns, and provide a framework for the application of social network analysis on grazing animals' social behavioral studies. We expect that this framework could be used in future research to provide information regarding the social structure of other kinds of animals that graze in different forage and climatic environments and help animal breeders to improve their management practices. Copyright © 2020 Eleni T. Tsiobani et al.Carcass traits have been efficiently improved by recent selection using DNA markers in beef cattle. Additionally, DNA markers might have an effect on other traits such as fertility traits; therefore attention should also be paid to such pleiotropic effects. However, the effects of the markers on both carcass and fertility traits have never been evaluated in the same population, since they are generally measured in different populations. The objective in the current study was to discuss effectiveness of DNA markers developed for carcass traits through investigation of their effects on carcass and fertility traits in a population. We genotyped six markers SCD V293A, FASN g.841G>C, PLAG1 g.49066C>G, NCAPG I442M, DGAT1 K232A, and EDG1 g.1471620G>T in a Japanese Black cattle population ( n = 515 ). To investigate their effects on carcass and fertility traits, we performed statistical analysis (ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer honestly significant difference (HSD) test). In the results, three of six markers, SCD V293A, NCAPG I442M, and EGD1 g.1471620G>T, were significantly associated with both carcass and fertility traits. Remarkably, the same allele for each marker had positive effects on both traits, suggesting that we would be able to simultaneously improve them using these markers in this population. However, previous studies reported that the effects of DNA markers could differ among populations. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the effect of the marker in each population before it is used for improvement. Copyright © 2020 Fuki Kawaguchi et al.Objectives Prevalent concomitant alcohol and medication use among older adults is placing this group at risk for adverse health events. Given limited existing interventions to address concomitant alcohol and medication risk (AMR), a brief educational intervention was demonstrated. The purpose of the current study was to examine change in AMR behaviors 3 months post-education among older adult drinkers. Methods A convenience sample of 58 older adult drinkers (mean age = 72) was recruited and followed (n = 40; 70% at follow-up), from four pharmacies in rural Virginia. Results Findings indicated decreased alcohol consumption in high-risk drinkers. Conclusion Future research should explore methods to sustain reduced AMR. © The Author(s) 2020.Personal solar ultraviolet radiation exposure models were developed for 144 Olympic events scheduled outdoors from across the 33 sport disciplines that will compete in Tokyo between 24 July and 9 August 2020. Ambient exposure models were developed from existing atmospheric parameters measured over Tokyo (35.7°N 139.7°E) and were used to weight erythemally effective solar ultraviolet exposure to gold medalists, taking into account body posture and expected protection by competitor's clothing which was assessed in comparison to respective medalists of the 2016 Rio Olympics. Individual exposure models consider the ultraviolet surface albedo (lawn, concrete, water or sand) and timing of daily events held within Olympic venues. Exposure assessments are presented, including assessments of all preliminary rounds and qualifiers. Within scheduled outdoor events, we award first place (representing the highest and most harmful UV exposure) to the women's tennis singles (1680 J/m2), second to men's golf (1530 J/m2) and third to the men's cycling road race (941 J/m2) for the highest expected erythemally effective solar ultraviolet radiation exposures of the 2020 Tokyo Games. The highest expected solar ultraviolet exposures for nations expected to win greater than three gold medals among the outdoor events were found to occur in athletes from Kenya followed closely by the United States and Hungary. Gold medalists from South Korea were found to demonstrate the highest level of sun protection due to clothing at the 2016 Rio Games, and are thus expected to receive the greatest relative reduction in erythemally effective exposure during the 2020 Tokyo Games. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS) is a common characteristic of exercise. The causes appear to be multifactorial in origin, but stem primarily from splanchnic hypoperfusion and increased sympathetic drive. These primary causes can lead to secondary outcomes that include increased intestinal epithelial injury and gastrointestinal hyperpermeability, systemic endotoxemia, and responsive cytokinemia, and impaired gastrointestinal function (i.e. transit, digestion, and absorption). Impaired gastrointestinal integrity and functional responses may predispose individuals, engaged in strenuous exercise, to gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), and health complications of clinical significance, both of which may have exercise performance implications. There is a growing body of evidence indicating heat exposure during exercise (i.e. exertional-heat stress) can substantially exacerbate these gastrointestinal perturbations, proportionally to the magnitude of exertional-heat stress, which is of major concern for athletes preparing for and competing in the upcoming 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. To date, various hydration and nutritional strategies have been explored to prevent or ameliorate exertional-heat stress associated gastrointestinal perturbations. The aims of the current review are to comprehensively explore the impact of exertional-heat stress on markers of EIGS, examine the evidence for the prevention and (or) management of EIGS in relation to exertional-heat stress, and establish best-practice nutritional recommendations for counteracting EIGS and associated GIS in athletes preparing for and competing in Tokyo 2020. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.International sporting competitions, including the Paralympic Games, are increasingly being held in hot and/or humid environmental conditions. Thus, a greater emphasis is being placed on preparing athletes for the potentially challenging environmental conditions of the host cities, such as the upcoming Games in Tokyo in 2020. However, evidence-based practices are limited for the impairment groups that are eligible to compete in Paralympic sport. This review aims to provide an overview of heat-related issues for Paralympic athletes alongside current recommendations to reduce thermal strain and technological advancements in the lead up to the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games. When competing in challenging environmental conditions, a number of factors may contribute to an athlete's predisposition to heightened thermal strain. These include the characteristics of the sport itself (type, intensity, duration, modality, and environmental conditions), the complexity and severity of the impairment and classification of the athlete. For heat vulnerable Paralympic athletes, strategies such as the implementation of cooling methods and heat acclimation can be used to combat the increase in heat strain. At an organizational level, regulations and specific heat policies should be considered for several Paralympic sports. Both the utilization of individual strategies and specific heat health policies should be employed to ensure that Paralympics athletes' health and sporting performance are not negatively affected during the competition in the heat at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.International competition inevitably presents logistical challenges for athletes. Events such as the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games require further consideration given historical climate data suggest athletes will experience significant heat stress. Given the expected climate, athletes face major challenges to health and performance. With this in mind, heat alleviation strategies should be a fundamental consideration. This review provides a focused perspective of the relevant literature describing how practitioners can structure male and female athlete preparations for performance in hot, humid conditions. Whilst scientific literature commonly describes experimental work, with a primary focus on maximizing magnitudes of adaptive responses, this may sacrifice ecological validity, particularly for athletes whom must balance logistical considerations aligned with integrating environmental preparation around training, tapering and travel plans. Additionally, opportunities for sophisticated interventions may not be possible in the constrained environment of the athlete village or event arenas.