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We conclude that the indirect selection hypothesis may be the most important explanation in understanding the relationship between SES and obesity in China.

Shape prior models play a vital role for segmentation in medical image analysis. These models are most effective when shape variations can be captured by a parametric distribution, and sufficient training data is available. TAK-875 in vivo However, in the absence of these conditions, results are invariably much poorer. In this paper, we propose a novel shape prior model, via dual subspace segment projection learning (DSSPL), to address these challenges.

DSSPL serves to compose shapes from an ensemble of shape segments where each segment is formed using two subspaces global shape subspace and segment-specific subspace, each necessary for extracting global shape patterns and local patterns, respectively. This ensures the proposed approach has general shape plausibility in regions of signal drop-out or missing boundary information, and also more localized flexibility. The learned projections are constrained with l

sparse norm terms to extract the most distinguishable features, while the reconstructive properties of DSSPL reduces information loss and leverages the subspaces to provide contiguous shapes without any post-processing.

Extensive analysis is performed on three databases from different medical imaging systems across X-Ray, MRI, and ultrasound. DSSPL outperforms all compared benchmarks in terms of shape generalization ability and segmentation performance.

We propose a new shape prior model for segmentation in medical image analysis to address the challenges of modelling complex organ shapes with low sample size training data.

We propose a new shape prior model for segmentation in medical image analysis to address the challenges of modelling complex organ shapes with low sample size training data.

Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Many studies based on fundus image and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging have been developed in the literature to help ophthalmologists through artificial-intelligence techniques. Currently, 3D spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) samples have become more important since they could enclose promising information for glaucoma detection. To analyse the hidden knowledge of the 3D scans for glaucoma detection, we have proposed, for the first time, a deep-learning methodology based on leveraging the spatial dependencies of the features extracted from the B-scans.

The experiments were performed on a database composed of 176 healthy and 144 glaucomatous SD-OCT volumes centred on the optic nerve head (ONH). The proposed methodology consists of two well-differentiated training stages a slide-level feature extractor and a volume-based predictive model. The slide-level discriminator is characterised by two new, residual and attention, conextract the features from the B-scans of the volumes and combine the information of the latent space to perform a volume-level glaucoma prediction. Our model, which combines residual and attention blocks with a sequential weighting module to refine the LSTM outputs, surpass the results achieved from current state-of-the-art methods focused on 3D deep-learning architectures.

The proposed model is able to extract the features from the B-scans of the volumes and combine the information of the latent space to perform a volume-level glaucoma prediction. Our model, which combines residual and attention blocks with a sequential weighting module to refine the LSTM outputs, surpass the results achieved from current state-of-the-art methods focused on 3D deep-learning architectures.

Interactive simulation of cutting soft tissues is essential in simulation of surgery and medical procedures. Cutting simulation involves topological and geometrical changes of the finite elements, and requires significant additional computational burden. This problem is handled, in this paper, by approximating a small gap between the model boundaries and the volumetric finite elements.

Deformations are computed using only the regular hexahedrons, and the surface structure is embedded in the hexahedrons for visualizing the objects and detecting the collisions. Cutting is handled separately for the hexahedrons and the surface structure. The intersected hexahedrons are duplicated in the cutting without geometrical changes, and the surface structure is conformed to the cutting path to represent the cut surfaces faithfully. A method of using partial elements is introduced to compensate for inaccuracies due to the gap between the cut surface and the hexahedron.

Simulation results show that the additional computation burden of the proposed method is reduced to 34% and 37.12% of the previous method in the literature. The theoretical range of additional arithmetic operations for each method is derived, showing the superiority of the proposed method.

The proposed method improves the real-time performance of the simulation through an adaptive approximation of the cut surface.

The proposed method improves the real-time performance of the simulation through an adaptive approximation of the cut surface.Forkhead box (FOX) proteins belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of transcription factors that has evolved by gene/genome duplication. FOX family members have undergone sequence and regulatory diversification. However, they have retained some degree of functional redundancy, in addition to playing specific roles, both during development and in the adult. Genetic alterations or misregulation of FOX genes underlie human genetic diseases, cancer, and/or aging. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the main characteristics of the members of this family, in terms of breadth of expression, protein domain composition, evolution, and function.

Non-echo planar diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a reliable surveillance tool of residual cholesteatoma nowadays. link2 It is not known whether the material of the ossicular chain prosthesis modifies the sensitivity and specificity of MRI in these cases. The aim of the study was to compare the sensitivity, specificity and a localization-specific accuracy of non-EPI DW MRI sequences for residual cholesteatoma in the following 3 subgroups patients with titanium ossicular prosthesis (group T), with autologous cortical bone columella (group A) or without any reconstruction (group WR) of hearing bones.

This prospective study covered 28 cases with cholesteatoma of the middle ear undergone second-look surgery, who had preoperative PROPELLER DW-MRI. Surgical findings were compared to the results of the DWI-MRI.

The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 0.76-0.8-0.76-0.8. Group T, group A and group WR sensitivity was 0.83-0.6-1, specificity 0.75-0.75-0.85, PPV 0.83-0.75-0.66, NPV 0.75-0.6-1. Overall accuracy was 0.78. Size of missed cholesteatoma was 2-4 mm (mean 2.66±1.15).

Various materials are suitable for ossicular chain reconstruction. The poor detectability of residual or recurrent cholesteatoma in the middle ears reconstructed with autologous bony prosthesis may still claim second-look surgery instead of the usage of non- EPI DWI sequences independently in these patients.

Various materials are suitable for ossicular chain reconstruction. The poor detectability of residual or recurrent cholesteatoma in the middle ears reconstructed with autologous bony prosthesis may still claim second-look surgery instead of the usage of non- EPI DWI sequences independently in these patients.

This study aims to investigate the differences of N1 latency, P1 latency and N1P1 amplitude in response to bone conducted 500Hz tone burst and narrowband CE chirp stimulus in ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs).

Forty-two healthy volunteers were included in this prospective study. Subjects with abnormal otological examinations and otological diseases were excluded. link3 oVEMPs were randomly recorded in response to BC 500Hz narrowband (NB) chirp stimulus and BC 500Hz tone burst. The stimulus intensity was 50dB nHL for both 500Hz tone burst and 500Hz NB CE chirp stimulus. P1 latency, N1 latency, and N1P1 amplitude were measured, and these measurements were compared between these two types of stimuli.

Both types of stimuli elicited oVEMP in all subjects. N1 latency and P1 latency were significantly shorter (6.41ms vs 10.84ms; 10.64ms vs 15.56ms, respectively) for chirp stimulus (p<0.05). N1P1 amplitude was significantly higher (11.64vs 7.18μV) for NB chirp stimulus (p<0.05).

It is reasonable to conclude that the NB CE chirp stimulus is effective to elicit robust BC oVEMP in healthy subjects.

It is reasonable to conclude that the NB CE chirp stimulus is effective to elicit robust BC oVEMP in healthy subjects.

To assess the effectiveness and safety of cap-assisted endoscopic resection and the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for managing small rectal subepithelial tumors (SETs).

Patients with small rectal SETs≤10mm in diameter were enrolled in this study at our hospital from October 2014 to December 2017. First, EUS was performed to evaluate the lesions. Then, cap-assisted endoscopic resection was performed by suctioning the SET into a transparent cap, ligating with a metal snare and then resecting the tumor. The wound was closed using endoclips if necessary.

Forty patients were enrolled in the study. EUS showed lesions originating from muscularis mucosa or submucosa with an average diameter of 5.4×3.1mm. The en bloc resection rate was 85.0% obtained by cap-assisted endoscopic resection, with a mean total procedure time of 17.6min. No immediate perforation happened. Immediate bleeding occurred in five patients; all cases were managed successfully by endoscopy. No delayed bleeding was observed. Pathology examination showed that 70.0% of the lesions were neuroendocrine tumors (G1). One case of recurrence was seen in follow-up; it was managed successfully by endoscopic submucosal dissection. There was no tumor recurrence in a median follow-up period of 41 months in the remaining 39 patients.

Most small rectal SETs arising from the muscularis mucosa or submucosa are neuroendocrine tumors and require proper treatment. Cap-assisted endoscopic resection is simple, effective and safe for resecting such lesions, and EUS is useful for case screening.

Most small rectal SETs arising from the muscularis mucosa or submucosa are neuroendocrine tumors and require proper treatment. Cap-assisted endoscopic resection is simple, effective and safe for resecting such lesions, and EUS is useful for case screening.

This qualitative review aims to provide a clearer understanding of concerns general surgery (GS) patients face in the preoperative period.

Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched for articles describing the preoperative concerns of GS patients. Qualitative and mixed method studies were included. Key quotes were extracted, coded, and thematically analyzed according to Thomas and Harden's methodology.

27 articles were included. Three main themes were generated (1) lead-up to surgery, (2) postoperative recovery process and (3) standard of care. While waiting for surgery, patients were often shrouded with uncertainty and concerned themselves with the potential impacts of their disease and surgery on their wellbeing and recovery. Furthermore, patients' trust and confidence in Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) was compromised when standard of care was perceived to be deficient, resulting in doubts about HCPs' credibility and capabilities.

Patients' preoperative concerns often stem from the uncertainty and unfamiliarity surrounding surgery.

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