Mcgarrymcconnell6048

Minimizing the elastic free energy of a thin sheet of nematic polymer network among smooth isometric immersions is the strategy purported by the mainstream theory. In this paper, we broaden the class of admissible spontaneous deformations we consider ridged isometric immersions, which can cause a sharp ridge in the immersed surfaces. We propose a model to compute the extra energy distributed along such ridges. This energy comes from bending; it is shown under what circumstances it scales quadratically with the sheet's thickness, falling just in between stretching and bending energies. We put our theory to the test by studying the spontaneous deformation of a disk on which a radial hedgehog was imprinted at the time of crosslinking. We predict the number of folds that develop in terms of the degree of order induced in the material by external agents (such as heat and illumination).The study aimed at comparing variations in body temperature values recorded using rectal digital, infrared, and mercury-in-glass thermometers in donkeys during the hot-dry season, prevailing under tropical savannah conditions. Thirty donkeys that served as subjects were divided into three groups of adults, yearlings, and foals. Values of the body temperature of each donkey were recorded bihourly, starting from 0600 h till 1800 h, by digital (5-cm depth of insertion), mercury-in-glass (3 cm depth), and infrared thermometers. The values obtained by each type of the thermometer were compared with those recorded using a 15-cm digital probe (Model HI935007, Hanna Instruments, range -50.0 to 150.0°C; accuracy ± 0.2°C) which served as the gold standard. Dry-bulb temperature (34.00 ± 0.50°C), temperature-humidity index (79.65 ± 0.15), and wet-bulb globe temperature (28.00 ± 0.50) index peaked at 1400 h. The mean body temperatures for rectal probe, digital, mercury-in-glass, and infrared thermometers were 38.35 ± 0.11impairments in donkeys.

Fluid challenge test is a widely used method for the detection of fluid responsiveness in acute circulatory failure. However, detection of the patient's response to the fluid challenge requires monitoring of cardiac output which is not feasible in many settings. We investigated whether the changes in the pulse oximetry-derived peripheral perfusion index (PPI), as a non-invasive surrogate of cardiac output, can detect fluid responsiveness using the fluid challenge testor not.

We prospectively enrolled 58 patients with septic shock on norepinephrine infusion. Fluid challenge test, using 200mL crystalloid solution, was performed in all study subjects. All patients received an additional 300mL crystalloid infusion to confirm fluid responsiveness. Velocity time integral (VTI) (using transthoracic echocardiography), and PPI were measured at the baseline, after 200mL fluid challenge, and after completion of 500mL crystalloids. Fluid responsiveness was defined by 10% increase in the VTI after completion of the 50o increase does not exclude fluid responsiveness.

NCT03805321. Date of registration 15 January 2019. Clinical trial registration URL https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03805321?term=ahmed+hasanin&rank=9 .

NCT03805321. Date of registration 15 January 2019. Clinical trial registration URL https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03805321?term=ahmed+hasanin&rank=9 .

Pachychoroid is characterized by dilated Haller vessels and choriocapillaris attenuation that are seen on optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scans. This study investigated the feasibility of using deep learning (DL) models to classify pachychoroid and non-pachychoroid eyes from OCT B-scan images.

In total, 1898 OCT B-scan images were collected from eyes with macular diseases. Images were labeled as pachychoroid or non-pachychoroid based on strict quantitative and qualitative criteria for multimodal imaging analysis by two retina specialists. DL models were trained (80%) and validated (20%) using pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Model performance was assessed using an independent test set of 50 non-pachychoroid and 50 pachychoroid images.

The final accuracy of AlexNet and VGG-16 was 57.52% for both models. ResNet50, Inception-v3, Inception-ResNet-v2, and Xception showed a final accuracy of 96.31%, 95.25%, 93.40%, and 92.61%, respectively, for the validation set. These models demonstrated accuracy on an independent test set of 78.00%, 86.00%, 90.00%, and 92.00%, and an F1 score of 0.718, 0.841, 0.894, and 0.920, respectively.

DL models classified pachychoroid and non-pachychoroid images with good performance. Accurate classification can be achieved using CNN models with deep rather than shallow neural networks.

DL models classified pachychoroid and non-pachychoroid images with good performance. Accurate classification can be achieved using CNN models with deep rather than shallow neural networks.

We investigated the effects of a relatively inexpensive, non-invasive, short-term treatment with low-dose normobaric hyperoxia (NBH) on macular edema in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Participants with macular edema associated with RVO were treated with 5 LPM of NBH via facemask (40% fraction of inspired oxygen, FIO2) for 3 h. Patients with non-fovea involving edema who elected to be observed returned for a second treatment 1 month later to test reproducibility.

A 3-h session of NBH (n = 45) resulted in decreased maximum macular thickness (MMT) (mean 7.10%, t

=9.63 P<.001) and central macular thickness (CMT) (mean 4.64%, t

=6.90, P<.001) when compared to untreated eyes with RVO measured over the same period of time (n = 12) or their healthy fellow eye (n = 34; MMTt

=-9.60, P<.001;CMT t

=-6.72, P<.001). Nafamostat Patients who had a second NBH treatment 1 month later experienced a recurrence of their edema, but demonstrated a similar significant reduction in MMT and CMT after the second NBH treatment.

Three-hour treatment with 40% FIO2 NBH results in a significant reduction in MMT and CMT. This study supports an ischemic mechanism for macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion.

Short-term low-dose normobaric hyperoxia is a simple, inexpensive, and ubiquitous treatment that may provide an alternate or adjunctive approach to treating macular edema in patients who are resistant to or cannot afford anti-VEGF medications.

Short-term low-dose normobaric hyperoxia is a simple, inexpensive, and ubiquitous treatment that may provide an alternate or adjunctive approach to treating macular edema in patients who are resistant to or cannot afford anti-VEGF medications.

The aim of this study is to report changes in and associations of macular vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in mild, moderate, and severe open-angle glaucoma.

One hundred thirty-three patients with open-angle glaucoma (133 eyes 47 mild, 33 moderate, and 53 severe glaucoma) and 73 normal subjects (right eyes) were included in this cross-sectional study. All subjects underwent Cirrus OCTA measurements. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare macular VD and PD between the controls and mild, moderate, and severe glaucoma groups. Multiple linear regression was performed with OCTA parameters as the predicted variable and age, gender, spherical equivalent (SE), intraocular pressure (IOP), mean deviation (MD), signal strength (SS), and mean macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness as the predictor variables.

The total area of VD showed significant differences between the controls vs. mild (p < 0.001) and moderate vs. severe glaucoma (p = 0.003); no significant difference was found between mild and moderate glaucoma (p = 1.000). Macular VD was associated with age (β = -0.02, p = 0.003), MD (β = 0.04, p = 0.001), SS (β = 1.43, p < 0.001), and mGCIPL thickness (β = 0.04, p = 0.002) but not with gender, SE, and IOP (all p > 0.05).

Macular microcirculation declined significantly in mild and severe glaucoma. No significant difference was found between mild and moderate glaucoma. Decrease macular VD was independently associated with age, severe MD, lower SS, and thinner mGCIPL thickness.

Macular microcirculation declined significantly in mild and severe glaucoma. No significant difference was found between mild and moderate glaucoma. Decrease macular VD was independently associated with age, severe MD, lower SS, and thinner mGCIPL thickness.Cardiac modifications to training are a product of the genetic pre-disposition for adaptation and the repetitive haemodynamic loads that are placed on the myocardium. Elite pre-adolescent athletes are exposed to high-intensity training at a young age with little understanding of the physiological and clinical consequences. It is unclear how right ventricular (RV) structure and function may respond to this type of stimulus. The aim of this study was to compare RV structure and strain across the cardiac cycle and within individual segments in elite soccer players (SP) and controls (CON).

Twenty-two highly trained, male pre-adolescent SP and 22 age-and sex-matched recreationally active individuals CON were investigated using 2D echocardiography, including myocardial speckle tracking to assess basal, mid-wall, apical and global longitudinal strain and strain rate during systole (SRS) and diastole (SRE and SRA).

greater RV cavity size was identified in the SP compared to CON (RVD

SP 32.3 ± 3.1 vs. CON 29.6 ± 2.8 (mm/m

)

 ; p = 0.005). No inter-group differences were noted for peak global RV strain (SP - 28.6 ± 4.9 vs CON - 30.3 ± 4.0%, p = 0.11). Lower mid-wall strain was demonstrated in the SP compared to CON (SP - 27.9 ± 5.8 vs. CON - 32.2 ± 4.4%, p = 0.007).

Soccer training has the potential to increase RV size in pre-adolescent players. The unique segmental analyses used in this study have identified inter-group differences that were masked by global strain evaluations. The clinical and physiological implications of these findings warrant further investigation.

Soccer training has the potential to increase RV size in pre-adolescent players. The unique segmental analyses used in this study have identified inter-group differences that were masked by global strain evaluations. The clinical and physiological implications of these findings warrant further investigation.

The aim of this study was to determine the local and systemic effects of isometric and concentric muscle contractions on experimental pain and performance fatigability in people with and without fibromyalgia.

Forty-seven fibromyalgia (FM 51.3 ± 12.3year) and 47 control (CON 52.5 ± 14.7year) participants performed submaximal isometric and concentric exercise for 10 min with the right elbow flexors. Assessments before and after exercise included pressure pain thresholds (PPT) of the biceps and quadriceps, central pain summation, self-reported exercising arm and whole-body pain, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the right elbow flexors and left handgrip.

People with FM experienced greater reductions in local fatigue (right elbow flexor MVIC CON - 4.0 ± 6.7%, FM - 9.8 ± 13.8%; p = 0.013) and similar reductions in systemic fatigue (left handgrip MVIC - 6.5 ± 10.2%; p < 0.001) as CON participants, which were not different by contraction type nor related to baseline clinical pain, perceived fatigue, or reported pain with exercise.