Mcfarlandsvenningsen5518

Following TKA, large decreases in extension moment were measured at low knee flexion angles (p < 0.05), resulting in 12% to 43% reductions in extensor efficiency for the daily activity ranges.

This cadaveric study found that TKA resulted in inferior extensor function compared to UKA and BCA. This may, in part, help explain the reported differences in function and satisfaction differences between partial and total knee arthroplasty. Cite this article

2021;10(1)1-9.

This cadaveric study found that TKA resulted in inferior extensor function compared to UKA and BCA. This may, in part, help explain the reported differences in function and satisfaction differences between partial and total knee arthroplasty. Cite this article Bone Joint Res 2021;10(1)1-9.

Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use has recently been implicated in promoting atherosclerosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of e-cig exposure accelerated atherosclerotic lesion development. Approach and Results Eight-week-old ApoE

mice fed normal laboratory diet were exposed to e-cig vapor (ECV) for 2 hours/day, 5 days/week for 16 weeks. We found that ECV exposure significantly induced atherosclerotic lesions as examined by Oil Red O staining and greatly upregulated TLR9 (toll-like receptor 9) expression in classical monocytes and in the atherosclerotic plaques, which the latter was corroborated by enhanced TLR9 expression in human femoral artery atherosclerotic plaques from e-cig smokers. Intriguingly, we found a significant increase of oxidative mitochondria DNA lesion in the plasma of ECV-exposed mice. Administration of TLR9 antagonist before ECV exposure not only alleviated atherosclerosis and the upregulation of TLR9 in plaques but also attenuated the increase of plasma levels ofquently lead to atherosclerosis. Our results raise the possibility that intervention of TLR9 activation is a potential pharmacological target of ECV-related inflammation and cardiovascular diseases.

The aim of this study was to unravel mechanisms whereby deficiency of the transcription factor Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3) leads to metabolic dysfunction in visceral obesity. We investigated the impact of loss of Id3 on hyaluronic acid (HA) production by the 3 HAS isoenzymes (HA synthases; -1, -2, and -3) and on obesity-induced adipose tissue (AT) accumulation of proinflammatory B cells. Approach and Results Male



mice and respective wild-type littermate controls were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 4 weeks. An increase in inflammatory B2 cells was detected in



epididymal AT. HA accumulated in epididymal AT of high-fat diet-fed



mice and circulating levels of HA were elevated.

mRNA expression was increased in epididymal AT of



mice. Luciferase promoter assays showed that Id3 suppressed

promoter activity, while loss of

stimulated

promoter activity. Functionally, HA strongly promoted B2 cell adhesion in the AT and on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells of



mice, an effect sensitive to hyaluronidase.

Our data demonstrate that loss of

increases

expression in the epididymal AT, thereby promoting HA accumulation. In turn, elevated HA content promotes HA-dependent binding of B2 cells and an increase in the B2 cells in the AT, which contributes to AT inflammation.

Our data demonstrate that loss of Id3 increases Has2 expression in the epididymal AT, thereby promoting HA accumulation. In turn, elevated HA content promotes HA-dependent binding of B2 cells and an increase in the B2 cells in the AT, which contributes to AT inflammation.

Cardiovascular disease, a major cause of mortality and morbidity, exhibits sexual dimorphism since the onset of cardiovascular disease occurs later in women than in men. The loss of cardioprotection in older women may be due to an increase in arterial stiffness after menopause. Free fatty acid metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids, called oxylipins, are known to impact vessel function and may be responsible for the vascular benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objectives of this study were to compare the plasma oxylipin profiles of young females (20-55 years), older females (55

), and older males (55

) and to identify associations between oxylipins and cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as obesity and arterial stiffness. Approach and Results We quantified plasma oxylipins by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in archived samples taken from completed clinical trials. We identified 3 major 12-lipoxygenase products, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-hydroxyand NCT02317588.

Higher 12-lipoxygenase oxylipin plasma concentrations associated with lower arterial stiffness in premenopausal females may be an important contributing factor to sex differences in cardiovascular disease. Registration URL https//www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers NCT01661543, NCT01562171, NCT01890330, NCT02571114 and NCT02317588.Innate immune cells can develop exacerbated immunologic response and long-term inflammatory phenotype following brief exposure to endogenous or exogenous insults, which leads to an altered response towards a second challenge after the return to a nonactivated state. This phenomenon is known as trained immunity (TI). TI is not only important for host defense and vaccine response but also for chronic inflammations such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis. TI can occur in innate immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages, natural killer cells, endothelial cells (ECs), and nonimmune cells, such as fibroblast. In this brief review, we analyze the significance of TI in ECs, which are also considered as innate immune cells in addition to macrophages. TI can be induced by a variety of stimuli, including lipopolysaccharides, BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin), and oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein), which are defined as risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Furthermore,Graphic Abstract A graphic abstract is available for this article.

Outcomes of complex pancreatic procedures have been used as an index for quality, and higher volume has been associated with improved outcomes, leading to advocacy for referral to those centers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) at a low-volume referral center.

This retrospective study included patients who had a PD within a 7-year period. Operative performance parameters and outcomes were examined.

Overall, there were 47 pancreatic resections, of which 38 met the inclusion criteria and were used for analyses. The overall median for blood loss, packed red blood cells units transfused, and postoperative days in hospital was as follows, respectively 675mL (interquartile range [IQR] = 500-900), 0 units (IQR = 0-2), 12days (IQR = 9-18). Bisindolylmaleimide IX manufacturer Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and complications align with the literature. The 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 5%. Survival probability for those with pancreatic adenocarcinoma at 1year was 52% and 7% for years 2 and 3.

As cases increased, significant improvement was noted in process outcomes including blood loss, blood transfusion rates, and length of stay (LOS). Survival was comparable to that in the literature, with limitation of not being adjusted for adjuvant therapy. Outcomes of complex pancreatic procedures, like PD, at a low-volume center with commitment and adequate support systems, can match those at high-volume centers.

As cases increased, significant improvement was noted in process outcomes including blood loss, blood transfusion rates, and length of stay (LOS). Survival was comparable to that in the literature, with limitation of not being adjusted for adjuvant therapy. Outcomes of complex pancreatic procedures, like PD, at a low-volume center with commitment and adequate support systems, can match those at high-volume centers.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in approximately 30% of trauma patients. Because neurosurgeons hold expertise in treating TBI, increased neurosurgical staffing may improve patient outcomes. We hypothesized that TBI patients treated at level I trauma centers (L1TCs) with ≥3 neurosurgeons have a decreased risk of mortality vs. those treated at L1TCs with <3 neurosurgeons.

The Trauma Quality Improvement Program database (2010-2016) was queried for patients ≥18 years with TBI. Patient characteristics and mortality were compared between ≥3 and <3 neurosurgeon-staffed L1TCs. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with mortality.

Traumatic brain injury occurred in 243438 patients with 5188 (2%) presenting to L1TCs with <3 neurosurgeons and 238250 (98%) to L1TCs with ≥3 neurosurgeons. Median injury severity score (ISS) was similar between both groups (17,

= .09). There were more Black (37% vs. 12%,

< .001) and Hispanic (18% vs. 12%,

< .001) patients in the <3 neurosurgeon group. Nearly 60% of L1TCs with <3 neurosurgeons are found in the South. Mortality was higher in the <3 vs. the ≥3 group (12% vs. 10%,

< .001). Patients treated in the <3 neurosurgeon group had a higher risk for mortality than those treated in the ≥3 neurosurgeon group (odds ratio (OR) 1.13, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.01-1.26,

= .028).

There exists a significant racial disparity in access to neurosurgeon staffing with additional disparities in outcomes based on staffing. Future efforts are needed to improve this chasm of care that exists for trauma patients of color.

There exists a significant racial disparity in access to neurosurgeon staffing with additional disparities in outcomes based on staffing. Future efforts are needed to improve this chasm of care that exists for trauma patients of color.

Poststroke delirium (PSD) is an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome. Despite its individual and socioeconomic burden, its frequency, clinical course, and routine detection remain unresolved. This study aimed to assess psychometric properties of established delirium screening tools and investigate the natural course of PSD.

This study investigated patients presenting with high-risk transient ischemic attacks or ischemic stroke within 24 hours during a 3-month period. Twice-daily screenings for PSD were done using the confusion assessment method, nursing delirium scale, and rapid delirium assessment, and evaluated for noninferiority against Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria. We investigated demographic and stroke characteristics as predictors of PSD, neurological deficits as predictors of false screening results, and conducted a simulation study to estimate the best timing to identify PSD.

We enrolled 141 patients (73.8±10.4 years of age, 61 female) witl neurological deficits and the necessity for at least daily screenings. Future studies are required to investigate implementation of these findings in clinical routine. Registration URL https//www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier NCT03930719.

PSD is a common complication of stroke and transient ischemic attack. Detection is challenged by confounding effects such as focal neurological deficits and the necessity for at least daily screenings. Future studies are required to investigate implementation of these findings in clinical routine. Registration URL https//www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier NCT03930719.