Mcfarlanddesai3262

These results imply that the cross-domain correlation of metacognitive resolution might underestimate metacognitive domain generality, and the cognitive mechanisms underlying confidence rating process itself may be more domain-general. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Psychology, and the United States more broadly, finds itself at yet another reckoning point with White supremacy and anti-Black racism. The American Psychological Association has even recently apologized for psychology's role in upholding systemic racism and White supremacy, and articulated expectations for psychology's role in dismantling systemic racism and White supremacy throughout psychology. Yet, the norms of White supremacy pervade our professional and individual consciousness, resulting in our radical movements toward a "culturally responsive psychotherapy" seeking to adapt to, and ultimately becoming quashed by, the very oppressive systems it seeks to upend. In this article, I argue first that to address anti-Black racism and racial trauma in psychotherapy, it is imperative to move beyond notions of "culture" and "identity" to a structural competency model of psychotherapy and psychotherapy training. Structural competency and examples of its integration are briefly discussed. I then offer and expand upon two additional recommendations That we must learn about and incorporate the incredible work of Black, Indigenous, and people of color scholars who have offered robust guidance in how to engage in healing racial trauma in individual and family psychotherapy; and, that to ethically engage in and develop an antiracist psychotherapy equipped to heal racial trauma, we must individually and collectively engage in our own conscientization and radical racial healing. Throughout, I emphasize the importance of prioritizing the work of scholars of color, whose work I seek here to integrate and build upon, but do so as a low socioeconomic status-origin, White woman with disabilities scholar situated at complex axes of both privilege and oppression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Contingency management (CM), in which financial incentives are provided upon verification of abstinence from alcohol, cigarettes, and/or illicit substances, is one of the most highly effective and empirically supported treatments for substance use disorders. However, the financial cost of implementation has been identified as a major barrier to implementation of this treatment. The purpose of this study was to develop behavioral economic purchase tasks to assess interest in CM as a function of treatment cost and perceived effectiveness of CM as a function of abstinence incentive size in alcohol drinkers. Alcohol drinkers recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) completed behavioral economic purchase tasks measuring demand for CM based on targeted abstinence intervals and treatment effectiveness and alcohol use disorder severity assessments. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was used to fit demand curves and assess the relationship between individual characteristics and demand metrics for CM. Results reveal that participants reported higher probability of remaining abstinent from drinking when offered larger incentives and required larger incentives when duration of abstinence required to earn the incentive was increased. Additionally, willingness to pay for treatment increased as effectiveness of treatment increased. Abstinence interval and treatment effectiveness are important features to consider when developing effective CM for widespread use, as these variables affected participants' likelihood of being abstinent and their interest in treatment. Future work will validate these assessments with actual treatment outcomes and determine predictors of CM treatment effectiveness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Delay discounting (DD), the decrease of the subjective value of a reward as the delay to its receipt increases, is a crucial aspect of decision-making processes. As evidence continues to mount, additional attention needs to be given to nonsystematic DD, a response pattern that has been reported in the literature but rarely investigated. We noticed in our recent online research an increase in the proportion of nonsystematic DD responses across samples, consistent with the so-called Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) data quality crisis. The significant proportion of nonsystematic responses created an opportunity to investigate its association with data quality in the present study. In a sample of smokers recruited from MTurk (n = 210), three independent quality check indexes evaluated participants' response quality. The degree of nonsystematic DD was quantified by the algorithms developed by Johnson and Bickel (2008). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) predicting response quality by nonsystematic DD was obtained. The observed AUC values were at the extreme of the null distributions (ps less then .001) in a permutation test. Furthermore, the nonsystematic DD cutoffs provided in Johnson and Bickel (2008) showed good sensitivity (0.77-0.93), albeit low-moderate specificity (0.42-0.74), in detecting low-quality responses. The findings showed that nonsystematic DD was associated with low-quality responses, although other factors contributing to the nonsystematic responses remain to be identified. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).The Extended Process model of Emotion Regulation outlines the processes people use to influence the timing and type of emotions they have. The current study applies this model to extrinsic regulation (regulating others' emotions). In a 2x2 between-subjects design, we examine how the target person's emotion (anger/anxiety), and target/regulator closeness (close/distant) interact to predict the regulator's intention to regulate, regulation process choice, evaluation of regulation success (regulation self-efficacy), and empathy toward the target. Participants (N = 266) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 conditions to read 3 vignettes where a close/distant target expressed anger/anxiety. Compared to distant targets, close targets elicited significantly greater intention to regulate, social sharing (but not humor, reappraisal, or distancing), self-efficacy of implementation and empathy. There was no support for emotion type or emotion-by-closeness hypotheses. We conclude that closeness but not emotion type affects emotion regulation at all 3 stages of the Extended Process model of Emotion Regulation. Future research could include the effect of closeness on additional processes (such as direct situation modification, or giving space). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).Affective state recognition and in particular the identification of fear is known to be impaired in psychopathy. It is unclear, however, whether this reflects a deficit in basic perception ('fear blindness') or a deficit in later cognitive processing. To test for a perceptual deficit, 63 male incarcerated offenders, assessed with the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), detected fearful, neutral, and happy facial expressions rendered invisible through continuous flash suppression (CFS). Fearful faces were detected faster than neutral and happy faces. There was no reduction of the fear advantage in the 20 offenders diagnosed with psychopathy according to the PCL-R, and there was no correlation between the fear advantage and PCL-R scores. Deficits in the processing of fearful facial expressions in psychopathy may thus not reflect fear blindness, but impairments at later postperceptual processing stages. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

To determine if single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes are enriched in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and if they are sufficient to confer a disease phenotype in a mouse model.

Human exome chip data of 2499 patients with SLE and 1230 healthy controls were analyzed to determine if variants in 10 different mismatch repair genes (MSH4, EXO1, MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, MSH3, POLH, PMS2, ML3, and APEX2) were enriched in individuals with SLE. A mouse model of the MSH6 SNP, which was found to be enriched in individuals with SLE, was created using CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting. Wildtype mice and mice heterozygous and homozygous for the MSH6 variant were then monitored for 2 years for the development of autoimmune phenotypes, including the presence of high levels of antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Additionally, somatic hypermutation frequencies and spectra of the intronic region downstream of the V

J558-rearranged J

immunoglobulin gene was characterized from Peyer's patches.

Based es and an inflammatory lung disease. These results suggest that the human MSH6 variant is linked to the development of SLE.Group singing and music-making behaviors that were rapidly adapted to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic context suggest to Greenberg et al. (2021) not only a musical solution to pandemic-related social isolation but also the importance of the social neuroscientific side of music. They propose a model of the social neuroscience of music production premised on the view that group singing leads to increased levels of oxytocin (a neuropeptide associated with empathy and social bonding), citing data of Schladt et al. (2017) and Keeler et al. (2015) as support. The present commentary points out that Schladt et al. reported a decrease rather than an increase in oxytocin level following group singing. Further, reference to the work by Keeler et al. (2015) is only partially accurate, and evidence contrary to the oxytocin premise is ignored. Similar inaccuracy is associated with claims for cortisol, another primary component of their model. While the authors are applauded for directing attention to both the social neuroscience of music and the value of group singing, tempering the stated premises associated with the oxytocin and cortisol channels of the model is recommended. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

This study was designed to examine associations among parents' familism values, adolescents' cultural resources, and externalizing behavior among Latinx youth in the Midwestern United States.

Participants were 267 Latinx adolescents (

age = 15.58 years;

= 1.28 years; 45% girls; 82.8% Mexican American) and their mothers/mother figures who completed individually administered interviews comprised of standardized measures. Structural equation modeling was used to test several alternative mediational models in which youth ethnic identity and familism values served as potential cultural mechanisms linking parents' familism values to lower levels of youth externalizing behavior.

Results showed that mothers' familism values were positively associated with youth ethnic identity which was positively associated with youth familism values; in turn, youth familism values were inversely associated with externalizing behavior. The findings did not differ by youth gender or nativity (U.S.-born vs. foreign-born youth).

These findings provide support for cultural resilience perspectives by highlighting the protective role of ethnic identity and familism values among U.S. Latinx adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

These findings provide support for cultural resilience perspectives by highlighting the protective role of ethnic identity and familism values among U.S. Latinx adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).